Finding Potential Sites for Small-Scale Hydro Power in Uganda: a ...

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2.1.2 ClimateAccording to Köppen’s Climate Region System, Uganda is classified to have a tropicalwet-and-dry climate (Aw). In difference to Köppen’s tropical wet climate (Af) this regionhas a distinct dry season during a period of about two months, with monthly rainfall lessthan 60 mm (Ahrens, 2000).The climate of Uganda is modified by elevation and, locally, by the presence of the lakes.The major air currents are northeasterly and southwesterly. Because of Uganda'sequatorial location, there is little variation in the sun's declination at midday, and thelength of daylight is nearly always 12 hours. All of these factors, combined with a fairlyconstant cloud cover, ensure an equable climate throughout the year.2002517515020Rainfall (mm)1251007550PrecipitationTemperature15105Temperature (°C)2500JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECFigure 2.3 Kampala’s monthly mean precipitation (mm) 1937-1981 and monthlymean of the daily 24-hour temperature (°C) 1931-1954. Source: cdiac.esd.ornl.gov.Most parts of Uganda has a high amount of precipitation, annually ranging from lessthan 500 mm in the northeast up to 3,000 mm in the Sese Islands of Lake Victoria.Figure 2.3 shows annual variation of precipitation and temperature for Kampala. In thesouth two wet seasons, March to May and October to November, are separated by dryperiods, although the occasional tropical thunderstorm still occurs. In the north a wetseason occurs between April and October, followed by a dry season that lasts fromNovember to March (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1992).8
2.1.3 TopographyMost of Uganda is situated on a plateau, a large expanse that drops gently from about1,500 meters above sea level in the south to approximately 900 meters in the north.Mountains and valleys mark the limits of Uganda’s plateau region.To the west a natural boundary is composed of the Virunga Mountains, the RuwenzoriRange, and the Western Rift Valley. The volcanic Virunga Mountains rise to 4,125 metersat Mount Muhavura and include Mount Sabinio with a height of 3,645 meters, where theborders of Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda meet. Furthernorth the Ruwenzori Range rises to 5,115 meters at Margherita Peak, Uganda's highestpoint. Between the Virunga and Ruwenzori mountains lie Lakes Edward and George.The rest of the boundary is composed of the Western Rift Valley, which contains LakeAlbert and the Albert Nile River.The northeastern border of the plateau is defined by a string of volcanic mountains thatinclude Mounts Morungole, Moroto, and Kadam, all of which exceed 2,750 meters inelevation. The southernmost mountain, Mount Elgon, is also the highest of the chain,reaching 4,321 meters. South and west of these mountains is an eastern extension of theRift Valley, as well as Lake Victoria. To the north the plateau is marked on the Sudaneseborder by the Imatong Mountains, with an elevation of about 1,800 meters(Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1992).2.1.4 VegetationVegetation is densest in the south and typically becomes wooded savannah in central andnorthern Uganda. Where conditions are less favourable, dry acacia woodland, tropicalAfrican shrubs or trees and euphorbia occur interspersed with grassland. Similarcomponents are found in the vegetation of the Rift Valley floors. The steppes andthickets of the northeast represent the driest regions of Uganda. In the Lake Victoriaregion and the western highlands, forest covering has been replaced by elephant grassand forest remnants because of human incursions. The medium-elevation forests containa rich variety of species. The mountain rain forests of Mount Elgon and the RuwenzoriRange occur above 1,800 meters followed by transitional zones of mixed bamboo and2tree heath and mountain moorland. Uganda's 14,500 km of swamplands include bothpapyrus and seasonal, grassy swamp (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1992)9
Page 1: Seminar series nr 121Finding Potent
Page 5: AbstractOver 2 billion people, most
Page 9: AcknowledgmentsFirst of all, we wou
Page 12 and 13: 5 Result ..........................
Page 14 and 15: For the specific case of Uganda, a
Page 17 and 18: 2 Study AreaThe main reason for us
Page 19: In the 1960’s Uganda was one of t
Page 23: Figure 2.4 The highest volcano in K
Page 26 and 27: e able to manually write the data,
Page 28 and 29: Depending on the appearance of the
Page 30 and 31: o Then the water flows from the for
Page 32 and 33: and generator is 65% and 80% effici
Page 34 and 35: Table 3.2 Capacity and production o
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.5 Small-scale hydropower ca
Page 38 and 39: technology was supplied to an area
Page 40 and 41: component to all of these issues, g
Page 42 and 43: The Rural Electrification project t
Page 44 and 45: The closer the interviewer is to th
Page 46 and 47: Over this area we bought the follow
Page 48 and 49: The primary erosive force determini
Page 50 and 51: There are a set of tolerances used
Page 52 and 53: ivers are seasonal, since the hydro
Page 54 and 55: (a) (b) (c)Figure 4.8 An example sh
Page 56 and 57: 4.2.6 Post Processing of Output Dat
Page 58 and 59: A = ( b ⋅ h)2(4.3)Where A equals
Page 60 and 61: elinquish because of too expensive
Page 62 and 63: The first step when performing the
Page 64 and 65: more obvious in their geographic co
Page 66 and 67: By using a smaller area it is possi
Page 68 and 69: 5.3 Summary of Resultso The general
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projects are supposed to be finance
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Sinks are a reoccurring problem whe
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UTM Zone 36N projection. The study
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As described in chapter 3.3.3 all r
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and if good financing possibilities
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Hutchinson M. F., Dowling T. I., 19
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9 Appendix9.1 Interview: Rural Elec
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9.3 Digital DataAll data layers are
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Frame creationThis is made in order
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time2=clock;%starts timer on clock
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next(1,2)=(y-1);cell_height=(highes
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endendif height>=20;%if the accumul
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Site 16 (147486,78619)Site 20 (1560
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