Finding Potential Sites for Small-Scale Hydro Power in Uganda: a ...

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technology was supplied to an area where no assessment of actual energy requirementshas been made. Hence the technology in rural energy projects is seen to fail because:o people have little or no need for the particular energy sourceo people have no means to develop beneficial or income generating uses for powero the energy supplied by technology is insufficiento the energy is available at wrong time of the day or year to be usedo people do not possess the relevant skills to maintain and operate the installationIn cases like these, the technologies do not supply the required energy services. Thisapproach often means that the technology is not economically viable, as it is underutilized, or it is so unreliable that the villagers stop using the technology and return totheir traditional energy sources (Balla, 2003).3.3.3 Role of Energy in Rural DevelopmentAccording to Porcaro & Takada (2005) energy services are an essential input into each ofthe economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development. They helpto facilitate economic development by making a foundation for industrial growth,enhancing productivity, and providing access to global markets and trade. FurtherPorcaro & Takada (2005) discusses that modern energy services contribute to socialdevelopment by helping to fulfil the basic human needs of nutrition, warmth, andlighting, in addition to education and public health. Modern energy services can alsoprotect the local and global environment by helping to control deforestation and byreducing emissions. The crucial role of energy in enabling development makes theprovision of adequate, affordable, and reliable energy services absolutely necessary inorder to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.The findings in the report by Porcaro and Takada (2005), point out the following keyconclusions:o Energy services that can be used for agricultural, manufacturing, transport, andother livelihood activities are particularly important services for the poor. It helpsfree up women’s time and enables local income generation through enhancedagricultural productivity and the formation of micro-enterprises. The reportshows that the provision of mechanized agricultural services, such as grinding,milling, etc., has enabled women in Mali to increase their income fromagricultural activities by an average of USD 0.32/day. The potential contributionto poverty reduction is significant when considering that 11-15 percent of the26
people in Mali are living on less than USD 1/day. Energy services are anindispensable part of stimulating development at the local level.o Improvements in energy infrastructure, particularly electricity, are associated withindustrialization and reductions in poverty. In the report, Brazil’s northeast stateof Ceará, has had a twofold increase in the number of electrified householdsduring the past decade, which has coincided with the largest improvement in anyBrazilian state’s Human Development Index (HDI) ranking. This kind of distinctrelationship between growth in electricity access and development is common tomany countries.o Energy services also play a critical role in improving education and genderequality. Porcaro and Takada (2005), shows that the provision of time and laborsavingenergy services can dramatically help to improve girl-to-boy ratios inprimary schools in rural Mali, close to doubling the ratio in some cases. Thereport further indicates that the odds of being literate are far greater forindividuals with electricity than those without. Modern lighting and improvedtelecommunications enable people to study during evening hours and help attractand retain better-qualified teachers. While there is clearly a strong relationshipbetween access to energy services and certain measures of education, it does notalways yield equal benefits for both men and women. In rural areas, energyservices that reduce everyday duties, like fetching water and collecting fuel wood,are often more effective at increasing girls’ opportunities for schooling as well asfor after-school study.o Equally important is the impact energy services have on health. Child mortalityand maternal health are two examples of health-related issues that are closelylinked to energy services and the fuels and fuel technologies that make thempossible. In certain rural regions of Mali it is access to time and laborsavingenergy services that enable women to take better advantage of prenatal healthcare. The use of solid biomass fuels for cooking also has significant healthimplications for women, including the health of their children, as women areexposed to a disproportionately higher share of indoor air pollution.In conclusion Porcaro and Takada (2005), writes that in order for countries to meet theirdevelopment goals, key development issues such as economic productivity, education,health, and gender equality, need to be addressed simultaneously. Energy is an essential27
Page 1: Seminar series nr 121Finding Potent
Page 5: AbstractOver 2 billion people, most
Page 9: AcknowledgmentsFirst of all, we wou
Page 12 and 13: 5 Result ..........................
Page 14 and 15: For the specific case of Uganda, a
Page 17 and 18: 2 Study AreaThe main reason for us
Page 19 and 20: In the 1960’s Uganda was one of t
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.3 TopographyMost of Uganda is s
Page 23: Figure 2.4 The highest volcano in K
Page 26 and 27: e able to manually write the data,
Page 28 and 29: Depending on the appearance of the
Page 30 and 31: o Then the water flows from the for
Page 32 and 33: and generator is 65% and 80% effici
Page 34 and 35: Table 3.2 Capacity and production o
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.5 Small-scale hydropower ca
Page 40 and 41: component to all of these issues, g
Page 42 and 43: The Rural Electrification project t
Page 44 and 45: The closer the interviewer is to th
Page 46 and 47: Over this area we bought the follow
Page 48 and 49: The primary erosive force determini
Page 50 and 51: There are a set of tolerances used
Page 52 and 53: ivers are seasonal, since the hydro
Page 54 and 55: (a) (b) (c)Figure 4.8 An example sh
Page 56 and 57: 4.2.6 Post Processing of Output Dat
Page 58 and 59: A = ( b ⋅ h)2(4.3)Where A equals
Page 60 and 61: elinquish because of too expensive
Page 62 and 63: The first step when performing the
Page 64 and 65: more obvious in their geographic co
Page 66 and 67: By using a smaller area it is possi
Page 68 and 69: 5.3 Summary of Resultso The general
Page 70 and 71: projects are supposed to be finance
Page 72 and 73: Sinks are a reoccurring problem whe
Page 74 and 75: UTM Zone 36N projection. The study
Page 76 and 77: As described in chapter 3.3.3 all r
Page 78 and 79: and if good financing possibilities
Page 80 and 81: Hutchinson M. F., Dowling T. I., 19
Page 83 and 84: 9 Appendix9.1 Interview: Rural Elec
Page 85 and 86: 9.3 Digital DataAll data layers are
Page 87 and 88: Frame creationThis is made in order
Page 89 and 90:
time2=clock;%starts timer on clock
Page 91 and 92:
next(1,2)=(y-1);cell_height=(highes
Page 93 and 94:
endendif height>=20;%if the accumul
Page 95:
Site 16 (147486,78619)Site 20 (1560
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