Finding Potential Sites for Small-Scale Hydro Power in Uganda: a ...

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e able to manually write the data, 2) the data should be able to be read fromother digital systems and 3) the data should be able to be converted from mapsor other documents (digitising). The data should also be able to be exported toother software, which often involves conversion of data formats.o Data handling: This involves organization and maintenance of data in the system.Both spatial objects and their attributes must be stored in a way that simplifiessearch operations. Attribute data are handled in data base management systems,which facilitates modification and upgrading of the data.o Analysis: Both attribute and spatial data must be searchable for analysis. Spatialrelationships between different objects within and between different layersshould be able to be analysed. This can be used by overlay operations of datalayers to analyse spatial connections (see Figure 3.2).County AForestForest in County AFigure 3.2 An example of an overlay operation of two data layers to geta third layer that contains information from both. The resulting layer inthe example can be used to calculate the area of forest within andoutside County A. Source: www.giscentrum.lu.se.oPresentation: The end result from an analysis must be able to be presented in aeducational way, such as maps, charts and concluding tables.Examples of what a geographical information system can be a used for are:o finding the shortest way between two points by using a map containing roads,o mapping the potential customers for a planned enterprise by using populationmap,o finding the optimal stretching for a new road building by combining mapscontaining properties, land use, slope etc ando model environmental effects for a theoretical discharge by using climatic and soildata etc.14
3.2 Small-Scale Hydropower3.2.1 CharacteristicsBeing a renewable energy resource that never can be exhausted, and that it avoids thepollution associated with the burning of fossil fuels, makes hydropower a very attractiveenergy alternative. However, the larger hydro schemes involve massive dams,impounding enormous volumes of water in man made lakes, in order to provide yearroundpower by smoothing out fluctuations in river flow. These kinds of schemes are inmany cases far from endless because the dams will gradually silt up and cease to functioneffectively as inter-seasonal storage reservoirs within a few decades. There are alsonumerous environmental problems that can result from interference with river flows, andmany of the larger schemes have had adverse effects on the local environment (Fraenkelet al., 1991).A well-designed small-scale hydropower scheme on the other hand, can blend with itssurroundings and have minimal negative environmental impacts. It is one of the mostenvironmentally favourable energy conversion options available, because unlike largescalehydro these schemes tend to be “run-of-the-river”, without significant damming orthe creation of man-made lakes, (Fraenkel et al., 1991; IEA, 1998).The definition of small-scale hydropower has no international consensus. In Canada“ small” can refer to upper limit capacities of between 20 and 25 MW meanwhile it canmean up to 30 MW in the United States. However, a value of up to 10 MW totalcapacities is becoming more generally accepted as definition (www.small-hydro.com).Small-scale hydro is further classified in to small, mini, micro and pico hydropower basedon the power output (Anderson et al., 1999; Maher & Smith, 2001). In this report we willrefer to small-scale hydropower as schemes of 10 MW or less and use the definitions asfollows in Table 3.1 The type of hydro schemes most suited for our study are the ones inthe lower range of the “small-scale hydro”-concept, which according to table 3.1 aremini, micro and pico hydropower.Table 3.1 Classification of hydropower. Source: Anderson et al., 1999.TypeCapacityLarge hydro> 100 MWMedium hydro10 - 100 MWSmall hydro1 - 10 MWMini hydro 100 kW - 1 MWMicro hydro5 - 100 kWPico hydro< 5 kWkW (kilowatt) = 1000 watts, MW (megawatt) = 1 000 000 watts15
Page 1: Seminar series nr 121Finding Potent
Page 5: AbstractOver 2 billion people, most
Page 9: AcknowledgmentsFirst of all, we wou
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Page 14 and 15: For the specific case of Uganda, a
Page 17 and 18: 2 Study AreaThe main reason for us
Page 19 and 20: In the 1960’s Uganda was one of t
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.3 TopographyMost of Uganda is s
Page 23: Figure 2.4 The highest volcano in K
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Page 30 and 31: o Then the water flows from the for
Page 32 and 33: and generator is 65% and 80% effici
Page 34 and 35: Table 3.2 Capacity and production o
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.5 Small-scale hydropower ca
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Page 42 and 43: The Rural Electrification project t
Page 44 and 45: The closer the interviewer is to th
Page 46 and 47: Over this area we bought the follow
Page 48 and 49: The primary erosive force determini
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Page 52 and 53: ivers are seasonal, since the hydro
Page 54 and 55: (a) (b) (c)Figure 4.8 An example sh
Page 56 and 57: 4.2.6 Post Processing of Output Dat
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Page 60 and 61: elinquish because of too expensive
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Page 70 and 71: projects are supposed to be finance
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Page 74 and 75: UTM Zone 36N projection. The study
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As described in chapter 3.3.3 all r
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and if good financing possibilities
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Hutchinson M. F., Dowling T. I., 19
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9 Appendix9.1 Interview: Rural Elec
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9.3 Digital DataAll data layers are
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Frame creationThis is made in order
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Site 16 (147486,78619)Site 20 (1560
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