Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on ...

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SA – Currently cats are not widely controlled in SA due to a lack <strong>of</strong> suitable techniques. In some regions such as <strong>the</strong> Western Mining Roxby recovery area, vermin pro<strong>of</strong> fencing has been erected to exclude cats from <strong>the</strong> rehabilitation <strong>and</strong> conservation area. Priority for efforts is currently given to areas <strong>of</strong> high conservation value such as <strong>the</strong> Gammon <strong>and</strong> Flinders Ranges. In <strong>the</strong>se areas trapping <strong>and</strong> shooting are utilised. Baiting for cats is also being trialled. WA – A new bait is being developed that is palatable to cats in most cases. Trials have shown a bait uptake <strong>of</strong> approximately 80% when rabbit densities are low. The toxin to be used has yet to be decided. Predator-pro<strong>of</strong> fencing has been used to effectively keep <strong>feral</strong> cats out <strong>of</strong> several conservation reserves. Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> cats in <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> cats in <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s with <strong>the</strong> current suite <strong>of</strong> available techniques is best targeted towards <strong>the</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> areas <strong>and</strong> species <strong>of</strong> high conservation value. An integrated approach using exclusion fencing surrounded by a buffer zone maintained through trapping, shooting <strong>and</strong> tracking <strong>of</strong> individuals should prove effective around conservation areas. Effective population control over large areas will only be possible with <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> a toxin or biocontrol for cats 98
Summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> camel control methods Method <strong>of</strong> control Efficacy Control method efficiency Target specificity Logistical practicalities Exclusion fencing Limited Expensive Moderate Moderate High Baiting Relatively ineffective Ground shooting Limited effectiveness Cage traps Relatively ineffective S<strong>of</strong>t net trap Relatively ineffective Padded-jaw traps Relatively ineffective Cost-effective Low. High Not cost - effective Not cost - effective Not cost - effective Not cost - effective High Low High 99 Overall effectiveness High Moderate Moderate to high Advantages <strong>of</strong> method Disadvantages <strong>of</strong> method Useful for protection <strong>of</strong> threatened wildlife species <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r valuable <strong>animals</strong>. Expensive, <strong>the</strong>refore impractical for broad scale application High Successful baiting <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> cats is difficult as <strong>the</strong>y do not take baits readily Ingestion <strong>of</strong> 1080 can also kill non-target <strong>animals</strong> including native species, domestic cats, dogs <strong>and</strong> livestock. 1080 is toxic to humans; operators need to take precautions to safeguard against Best suited to smaller, isolated areas May be effective if applied for an extended period. May be useful in small areas where eradication is <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>and</strong> in semi-rural/urban areas for problem <strong>animals</strong>. High High High May be useful in small areas where eradication is <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>and</strong> in semi-rural/urban areas for Low Low Moderate problem <strong>animals</strong>. May be useful in small areas where eradication is <strong>the</strong> objective exposure. Labour intensive Difficult in remote or inaccessible areas Labour intensive, <strong>the</strong>refore not suitable for broad-scale control Labour intensive, <strong>the</strong>refore not suitable for broad-scale control. Labour intensive. May be useful for problem <strong>animals</strong> Effectiveness depends on skill <strong>of</strong> operator Inefficient for general control
Page 1:
Review of<
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Contributors Andrew Norris Pest Ani
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3.7.36 Common Myna (Acridot
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Table of figures F
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Section 2 Introduction Feral <stron
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Amanda Dimmock, QD
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Section 3 A status review o
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3.4 Birds Thirteen (or 14) species
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Information on the
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Summary A rodent that contributes t
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Dingoes can become a threat to wild
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The significance of</strong
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macropods and b<st
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^Lasiorhinus krefftii North
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Perceived threat Geopsittacus occid
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conservation areas. It is less clea
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Table 8 Rare species found in <stro
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Competition Several examples are re
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In truth, camels do substantial dam
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the Tanami. Buffal
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The situation today Buffalo numbers
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qualify under IUCN criteria as enda
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3.7.16 Goat (Capra hircus) Summary
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Drakonorchis drakeoides Hinged Drag
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3.7.19 Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Su
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Impacts Much is known about <strong
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Distribution Ostriches have won <st
Page 56 and 57: nest in tree hollows along
Page 58 and 59: Distribution The skylark is found i
Page 60 and 61: Distribution The blackbird is wides
Page 62 and 63: Land, and<
Page 64 and 65: have been translocated to o
Page 66 and 67: esources. Significant investment in
Page 68 and 69: many native species (Clarke et al.
Page 70 and 71: spread across the
Page 72 and 73: Section 4 Legislative framework 4.1
Page 74 and 75: protection, as long as it falls wit
Page 76 and 77: Native Vegetation Conservation Act
Page 78 and 79: ehabilitate existing native vegetat
Page 80 and 81: suppression, which is the</
Page 82 and 83: al. 1986, 1987). The use of
Page 84 and 85: 5.1.4 Mustering Commercial musterin
Page 86 and 87: etal. (1997) found that many native
Page 88 and 89: the vaccine <stron
Page 90 and 91: Where possible, integration <strong
Page 92 and 93: strategy, relative cost-effectivene
Page 94 and 95: Fencing Feral buffalo have a reputa
Page 96 and 97: 5.3 Management of
Page 98 and 99: Summary of <strong
Page 100 and 101: time comes for the
Page 104 and 105: Individual tracking Tracking is a l
Page 108 and 109: Method of control
Page 110 and 111: Aerial shooting Aerial shooting can
Page 114 and 115: 80% of export was
Page 116 and 117: ensuring effective treatment <stron
Page 118 and 119: the lower cost, wi
Page 122 and 123: conservation value rathe</s
Page 124 and 125: effort on the cont
Page 128 and 129: follow transect lines, one kilometr
Page 130 and 131: as a refuge from predators. Removal
Page 134 and 135: was completed it was the</s
Page 136 and 137: warren structure amenable to recolo
Page 138 and 139: Poisons Traditionally, strychnine,
Page 140 and 141: infected and steri
Page 142 and 143: of high priority.
Page 144 and 145: Method of control
Page 148 and 149: technique can allow for cost-effect
Page 152 and 153: In South Australia, between 30 <str
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% respondents 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
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a) b) Figure 3. a) Extent o
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Figure 4 Response frequency for lik
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distribution of <s
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Section 7 Key problems and<
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• Goats degrading temperate woodl
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conservation problems in Europe <st
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message that camels are a valuable
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In the Koolatong R
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environmental degradation’ (Nor<s
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ecause dingo and d
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Various control methods have been a
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Pascale Taplin, an Indigenous L<str
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Lack of a Strategi
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eradicated after seeing the
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In some situations, payment <strong
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could have led to better protocols
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Game hunting is a growing business,
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Much as we might like it, t
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conservation outcome. In such a sit
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community consultation and<
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• Have the non-t
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provide opportunities for strategic
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Section 9 Priorities for investment
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contacted for exact locations <stro
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way. Achilles heel research should
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efficient in any given situation. R
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west Queensland re
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Crossland, MR, 199
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Forsyth, DM, and P
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Lange, RT, and Gra
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Morgan, LA and But
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Parkes, JP, 1990, Feral goat contro
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Van Rensberg, PJJ, Skinner, JD, <st
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Appendix A Ferals animals</
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Indigenous lands I
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Appendix B Stakeholder survey form
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222
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224
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226
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Appendix C Database on past NHT fun
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Lachlan Rehabilitation of</
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Northern Territory
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Cape York Ambiilmungu-Ngarra tradit
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Wet Tropics Expansion and</
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Avon Protecting and</strong
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