Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on ...

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spread across <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape is much greater. Both species could form <strong>feral</strong> populations right around <strong>the</strong> coastline <strong>of</strong> Queensl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory <strong>and</strong> Kimberley region (Moriarty 2004). There are anecdotal reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> hog deer from sou<strong>the</strong>rn Queensl<strong>and</strong> (P. Jesser pers. comm.) but no confirmed populations north <strong>of</strong> Sydney. There are also anecdotal reports <strong>of</strong> releases in Queensl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> sika deer (P. Jesser pers. comm.). Among reptiles, <strong>the</strong> pest <strong>of</strong> most concern is <strong>the</strong> red-eared slider, a freshwater turtle from North America which appears on <strong>the</strong> IUCN list <strong>of</strong> 100 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species (Lowe et al. 2000). It has formed <strong>feral</strong> populations in Asia, Europe <strong>and</strong> North America, <strong>and</strong> is considered very aggressive <strong>and</strong> competitive. A population was recently located north <strong>of</strong> Brisbane <strong>and</strong> a major eradication <strong>and</strong> publicity campaign is underway, funded by <strong>the</strong> Queensl<strong>and</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources. Foreign turtles are readily smuggled into <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>and</strong> smuggled specimens have been turned in to <strong>the</strong> Queensl<strong>and</strong> Government. Bioclimatic modelling indicates that red-eared sliders could colonise all <strong>of</strong> eastern Queensl<strong>and</strong>, much <strong>of</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Murray-Darling catchment (Scott O’Keeffe pers. comm.). A small population occurs in a catchment near Sydney where no control efforts have been undertaken, although <strong>the</strong> turtles <strong>the</strong>re appear to be scarce <strong>and</strong> rarely noted. They do best in dams <strong>and</strong> sluggish waters. The amphibian <strong>of</strong> most concern is <strong>the</strong> black-spined toad (Bufo melanostictus). This amphibian, a small relative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cane toad, has spread south from its native range in mainl<strong>and</strong> South-East Asia into Indonesia <strong>and</strong> New Guinea. It thrives in farml<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r disturbed environments. In <strong>the</strong> last couple <strong>of</strong> years several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se toads have been intercepted by quarantine <strong>of</strong>ficers at Australian ports where <strong>the</strong>y were travelling with cargo. The black-spined toad looks similar to <strong>the</strong> cane toad <strong>and</strong> a <strong>feral</strong> population could become established for some years before it was noticed. Indeed, a <strong>feral</strong> population may already be established. Invertebrates will keep invading <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s. The pest <strong>of</strong> most concern for Australia is <strong>the</strong> red imported fire ant. The eradication effort in Brisbane is proceeding successfully, although new infestations are found periodically beyond <strong>the</strong> perimeters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mapped infestation areas. If <strong>the</strong> eradication effort fails, or if fire ants invade again, as seems inevitable, <strong>the</strong>y could spread over large areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> pose a threat to rare species, for example <strong>the</strong> plains w<strong>and</strong>erer. Fire ants have now become established in Hong Kong, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> new incursions will grow as <strong>the</strong>y spread among our major trading partners. Ano<strong>the</strong>r ant <strong>of</strong> grave concern is <strong>the</strong> electric ant or little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata), from Latin America. This ant has colonised New Caledonia <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> it is regularly intercepted at Australian airports. The ants are sometimes found inside prayer mats brought by people from Polynesian isl<strong>and</strong>s visiting Queensl<strong>and</strong> for funerals. In <strong>the</strong> rainforests <strong>of</strong> New Caledonia this ant reaches extremely high densities. 62
Table 10 Feral pests that could establish in <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> future Hog Deer Sambar Deer Sika Deer Chukar Partridge Ring-necked Pheasant California Quail 63 Red-eared Slider Black-spined Toad Various aquarium fish Red Imported Fire Ant Little Fire Ant
Page 1:
Review of<
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Contributors Andrew Norris Pest Ani
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3.7.36 Common Myna (Acridot
Page 8 and 9:
Table of figures F
Page 10 and 11:
Section 2 Introduction Feral <stron
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Amanda Dimmock, QD
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Section 3 A status review o
Page 16 and 17:
3.4 Birds Thirteen (or 14) species
Page 18 and 19:
Information on the
Page 20 and 21: Summary A rodent that contributes t
Page 22 and 23: Dingoes can become a threat to wild
Page 24 and 25: The significance of</strong
Page 26 and 27: macropods and b<st
Page 28 and 29: ^Lasiorhinus krefftii North
Page 30 and 31: Perceived threat Geopsittacus occid
Page 32 and 33: conservation areas. It is less clea
Page 34 and 35: Table 8 Rare species found in <stro
Page 36 and 37: Competition Several examples are re
Page 38 and 39: In truth, camels do substantial dam
Page 40 and 41: the Tanami. Buffal
Page 42 and 43: The situation today Buffalo numbers
Page 44 and 45: qualify under IUCN criteria as enda
Page 46 and 47: 3.7.16 Goat (Capra hircus) Summary
Page 48 and 49: Drakonorchis drakeoides Hinged Drag
Page 50 and 51: 3.7.19 Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Su
Page 52 and 53: Impacts Much is known about <strong
Page 54 and 55: Distribution Ostriches have won <st
Page 56 and 57: nest in tree hollows along
Page 58 and 59: Distribution The skylark is found i
Page 60 and 61: Distribution The blackbird is wides
Page 62 and 63: Land, and<
Page 64 and 65: have been translocated to o
Page 66 and 67: esources. Significant investment in
Page 68 and 69: many native species (Clarke et al.
Page 72 and 73: Section 4 Legislative framework 4.1
Page 74 and 75: protection, as long as it falls wit
Page 76 and 77: Native Vegetation Conservation Act
Page 78 and 79: ehabilitate existing native vegetat
Page 80 and 81: suppression, which is the</
Page 82 and 83: al. 1986, 1987). The use of
Page 84 and 85: 5.1.4 Mustering Commercial musterin
Page 86 and 87: etal. (1997) found that many native
Page 88 and 89: the vaccine <stron
Page 90 and 91: Where possible, integration <strong
Page 92 and 93: strategy, relative cost-effectivene
Page 94 and 95: Fencing Feral buffalo have a reputa
Page 96 and 97: 5.3 Management of
Page 98 and 99: Summary of <strong
Page 100 and 101: time comes for the
Page 104 and 105: Individual tracking Tracking is a l
Page 106 and 107: SA - Currently cats are not widely
Page 108 and 109: Method of control
Page 110 and 111: Aerial shooting Aerial shooting can
Page 114 and 115: 80% of export was
Page 116 and 117: ensuring effective treatment <stron
Page 118 and 119: the lower cost, wi
Page 120 and 121:
5.8 Management of
Page 122 and 123:
conservation value rathe</s
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effort on the cont
Page 126 and 127:
5.9 Management of
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follow transect lines, one kilometr
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as a refuge from predators. Removal
Page 132 and 133:
Summary of <strong
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was completed it was the</s
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warren structure amenable to recolo
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Poisons Traditionally, strychnine,
Page 140 and 141:
infected and steri
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of high priority.
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Method of control
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5.11 Management of
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technique can allow for cost-effect
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Summary of <strong
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In South Australia, between 30 <str
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Summary of <strong
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% respondents 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
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a) b) Figure 3. a) Extent o
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Figure 4 Response frequency for lik
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distribution of <s
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Section 7 Key problems and<
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• Goats degrading temperate woodl
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conservation problems in Europe <st
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message that camels are a valuable
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In the Koolatong R
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environmental degradation’ (Nor<s
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ecause dingo and d
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Various control methods have been a
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Pascale Taplin, an Indigenous L<str
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Lack of a Strategi
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eradicated after seeing the
Page 186 and 187:
In some situations, payment <strong
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could have led to better protocols
Page 190 and 191:
Game hunting is a growing business,
Page 192 and 193:
Much as we might like it, t
Page 194 and 195:
conservation outcome. In such a sit
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community consultation and<
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• Have the non-t
Page 200 and 201:
provide opportunities for strategic
Page 202 and 203:
Section 9 Priorities for investment
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contacted for exact locations <stro
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way. Achilles heel research should
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efficient in any given situation. R
Page 210 and 211:
west Queensland re
Page 212 and 213:
Crossland, MR, 199
Page 214 and 215:
Forsyth, DM, and P
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Lange, RT, and Gra
Page 218 and 219:
Morgan, LA and But
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Parkes, JP, 1990, Feral goat contro
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Van Rensberg, PJJ, Skinner, JD, <st
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Appendix A Ferals animals</
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Indigenous lands I
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Appendix B Stakeholder survey form
Page 230 and 231:
222
Page 232 and 233:
224
Page 234 and 235:
226
Page 236 and 237:
Appendix C Database on past NHT fun
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Lachlan Rehabilitation of</
Page 240 and 241:
Northern Territory
Page 242 and 243:
Cape York Ambiilmungu-Ngarra tradit
Page 244 and 245:
Wet Tropics Expansion and</
Page 246 and 247:
Avon Protecting and</strong
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