Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on ...

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Distribution The skylark is found in south-eastern Australia, mainly outside <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s. Its distribution extends marginally into <strong>the</strong> study area just north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Murray River in South Australia (Barrett et al. 2004), where it occurs in low grassl<strong>and</strong>. It is native to Europe. Impacts None expected. 3.7.31 House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Summary A bird <strong>of</strong> towns <strong>and</strong> farms that probably has no real <strong>impact</strong> on biodiversity. Distribution Widespread in <strong>the</strong> eastern half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s (Barrett 2004). It occurs almost throughout Queensl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> New South Wales <strong>and</strong> is widespread in South Australia. It is confined to <strong>the</strong> eastern half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory. It is absent (thus far) from Western Australia, <strong>the</strong> Top End <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory, <strong>and</strong> north-western South Australia. Native to western Asia <strong>and</strong> possibly eastern Europe. Confined to towns <strong>and</strong> farms. Colonies are sometimes present around remote outback homesteads where <strong>the</strong> birds obtain seed around barns <strong>and</strong> livestock pens. Impacts Because it is so closely tied to towns <strong>and</strong> farms <strong>the</strong> house sparrow presumably has no real <strong>impact</strong> on biodiversity. 3.7.32 Nutmeg Mannikin (Lonchura punctulata) O<strong>the</strong>r names Spice Finch Summary A small bird <strong>of</strong> coastal tropical grassl<strong>and</strong>s with <strong>the</strong> potential to compete with certain native finches. Distribution Within <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s <strong>the</strong> nutmeg mannikin is confined to tropical Queensl<strong>and</strong>. It occurs along <strong>the</strong> dry tropical coastlines around Rockhampton <strong>and</strong> Townsville, <strong>and</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r north at Weipa <strong>and</strong> at one site on <strong>the</strong> eastern side <strong>of</strong> Cape York Peninsula (Barrett et al. 2004). Outside <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s it occurs in coastal regions <strong>of</strong> Queensl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn New South Wales. Native to South East Asia, where it has probably exp<strong>and</strong>ed its range following habitat change <strong>and</strong> probably also as a result <strong>of</strong> aviary releases or escapes. 50
Impacts This seed-eating finch has <strong>the</strong> potential to compete with native finches for grass seed. It has been blamed for declines in <strong>the</strong> chestnut-breasted mannikin, zebra finch, double-barred finch <strong>and</strong> red-browed finch (Immelmann 1965, Garnett 1988) but without strong evidence. It has a different feeding ecology from most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species <strong>and</strong> Frith (1973) discounted an <strong>impact</strong> upon any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se birds apart from <strong>the</strong> mannikin, a closely related finch with similar feeding habitats. Immelman (1965) describes <strong>the</strong> nutmeg mannikin as a ‘serious competitor with <strong>the</strong> chestnut-breasted mannikin’, Frith (1973) commenting that ‘This might be so, but <strong>the</strong>re are no quantitative figures yet to show a decline in this species.’ The two species occasionally hybridise (Immelman 1965). The nutmeg mannikin is most likely to displace <strong>the</strong> native mannikin from disturbed environments close to human settlements (Frith 1973). Even so, <strong>the</strong> chestnut-breasted mannikin remains a common bird with a very wide distribution. In recent years <strong>the</strong> nutmeg mannikin has exp<strong>and</strong>ed its range. It was previously unknown from Cape York Peninsula (Blakers et al. 1984) but in recent years has been recorded from Weipa <strong>and</strong> from <strong>the</strong> eastern side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peninsula, presumably as a result <strong>of</strong> new aviary releases or escapes. This raises <strong>the</strong> prospect that <strong>the</strong> nutmeg mannikin could become established in <strong>the</strong> Top End <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory, as a result <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r aviary releases, where it would probably compete with <strong>the</strong> yellowrumped mannikin, a species listed by <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory government as ‘Near Threatened’. The two finches have matching habitat preferences. Birdwatchers who reside in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory should be asked to look out for escapee nutmeg mannikins, <strong>and</strong> any populations that are noted should be swiftly eradicated. 3.7.33 European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) Summary A bird found at <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s where it has no known <strong>impact</strong>s. Distribution This finch is found in south-eastern Australia, mainly outside <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s. Its distribution extends marginally into <strong>the</strong> study area in <strong>the</strong> New South Wales Riverina, <strong>and</strong> to <strong>the</strong> north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Murray River in South Australia (Barrett et al. 2004). Impacts The goldfinch feeds mainly upon weed seeds <strong>and</strong> no adverse environmental <strong>impact</strong> could be expected. 3.7.34 Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) Summary A bird that sometimes spreads <strong>the</strong> seeds <strong>of</strong> exotic weeds. 51
Page 1:
Review of<
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Contributors Andrew Norris Pest Ani
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3.7.36 Common Myna (Acridot
Page 8 and 9: Table of figures F
Page 10 and 11: Section 2 Introduction Feral <stron
Page 12 and 13: Amanda Dimmock, QD
Page 14 and 15: Section 3 A status review o
Page 16 and 17: 3.4 Birds Thirteen (or 14) species
Page 18 and 19: Information on the
Page 20 and 21: Summary A rodent that contributes t
Page 22 and 23: Dingoes can become a threat to wild
Page 24 and 25: The significance of</strong
Page 26 and 27: macropods and b<st
Page 28 and 29: ^Lasiorhinus krefftii North
Page 30 and 31: Perceived threat Geopsittacus occid
Page 32 and 33: conservation areas. It is less clea
Page 34 and 35: Table 8 Rare species found in <stro
Page 36 and 37: Competition Several examples are re
Page 38 and 39: In truth, camels do substantial dam
Page 40 and 41: the Tanami. Buffal
Page 42 and 43: The situation today Buffalo numbers
Page 44 and 45: qualify under IUCN criteria as enda
Page 46 and 47: 3.7.16 Goat (Capra hircus) Summary
Page 48 and 49: Drakonorchis drakeoides Hinged Drag
Page 50 and 51: 3.7.19 Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Su
Page 52 and 53: Impacts Much is known about <strong
Page 54 and 55: Distribution Ostriches have won <st
Page 56 and 57: nest in tree hollows along
Page 60 and 61: Distribution The blackbird is wides
Page 62 and 63: Land, and<
Page 64 and 65: have been translocated to o
Page 66 and 67: esources. Significant investment in
Page 68 and 69: many native species (Clarke et al.
Page 70 and 71: spread across the
Page 72 and 73: Section 4 Legislative framework 4.1
Page 74 and 75: protection, as long as it falls wit
Page 76 and 77: Native Vegetation Conservation Act
Page 78 and 79: ehabilitate existing native vegetat
Page 80 and 81: suppression, which is the</
Page 82 and 83: al. 1986, 1987). The use of
Page 84 and 85: 5.1.4 Mustering Commercial musterin
Page 86 and 87: etal. (1997) found that many native
Page 88 and 89: the vaccine <stron
Page 90 and 91: Where possible, integration <strong
Page 92 and 93: strategy, relative cost-effectivene
Page 94 and 95: Fencing Feral buffalo have a reputa
Page 96 and 97: 5.3 Management of
Page 98 and 99: Summary of <strong
Page 100 and 101: time comes for the
Page 102 and 103: Summary of <strong
Page 104 and 105: Individual tracking Tracking is a l
Page 106 and 107: SA - Currently cats are not widely
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Method of control
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Aerial shooting Aerial shooting can
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Summary of <strong
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80% of export was
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ensuring effective treatment <stron
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the lower cost, wi
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5.8 Management of
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conservation value rathe</s
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effort on the cont
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5.9 Management of
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follow transect lines, one kilometr
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as a refuge from predators. Removal
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Summary of <strong
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was completed it was the</s
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warren structure amenable to recolo
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Poisons Traditionally, strychnine,
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infected and steri
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of high priority.
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Method of control
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5.11 Management of
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technique can allow for cost-effect
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Summary of <strong
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In South Australia, between 30 <str
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Summary of <strong
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% respondents 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
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a) b) Figure 3. a) Extent o
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Figure 4 Response frequency for lik
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distribution of <s
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Section 7 Key problems and<
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• Goats degrading temperate woodl
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conservation problems in Europe <st
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message that camels are a valuable
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In the Koolatong R
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environmental degradation’ (Nor<s
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ecause dingo and d
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Various control methods have been a
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Pascale Taplin, an Indigenous L<str
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Lack of a Strategi
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eradicated after seeing the
Page 186 and 187:
In some situations, payment <strong
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could have led to better protocols
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Game hunting is a growing business,
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Much as we might like it, t
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conservation outcome. In such a sit
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community consultation and<
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• Have the non-t
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provide opportunities for strategic
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Section 9 Priorities for investment
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contacted for exact locations <stro
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way. Achilles heel research should
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efficient in any given situation. R
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west Queensland re
Page 212 and 213:
Crossland, MR, 199
Page 214 and 215:
Forsyth, DM, and P
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Lange, RT, and Gra
Page 218 and 219:
Morgan, LA and But
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Parkes, JP, 1990, Feral goat contro
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Van Rensberg, PJJ, Skinner, JD, <st
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Appendix A Ferals animals</
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Indigenous lands I
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Appendix B Stakeholder survey form
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222
Page 232 and 233:
224
Page 234 and 235:
226
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Appendix C Database on past NHT fun
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Lachlan Rehabilitation of</
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Northern Territory
Page 242 and 243:
Cape York Ambiilmungu-Ngarra tradit
Page 244 and 245:
Wet Tropics Expansion and</
Page 246 and 247:
Avon Protecting and</strong
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