Review of the management of feral animals and their impact on ...

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3.7.36 Common Myna (Acrido<strong>the</strong>res tristis)...................................................53 3.7.37 Asian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) ......................................53 3.7.38 Flowerpot Snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus)....................................54 3.7.39 Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)...................................................................55 3.7.40 Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) ........................................................57 3.7.41 English Perch (Perca fluviatilis) .........................................................59 3.7.42 Mosquit<strong>of</strong>ish (Gambusia holbrooki)....................................................60 3.8 New pests ............................................................................................ 61 Section 4 Legislative framework...........................................................64 4.1 Commonwealth legislation ................................................................. 64 4.2 State <strong>and</strong> Territory legislation............................................................. 65 4.3 Comments on current legislation ........................................................ 71 Section 5 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> <strong>animals</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Rangel<strong>and</strong>s ...............73 5.1 General control techniques.................................................................. 73 5.1.1 Poisoning .............................................................................................73 5.1.2 Shooting ...............................................................................................74 5.1.3 Trapping...............................................................................................75 5.1.4 Mustering .............................................................................................76 5.1.5 Judas technique....................................................................................76 5.1.6 Fencing ................................................................................................76 5.1.7 Water source control............................................................................77 5.1.8 Biocontrol ............................................................................................78 5.1.9 Fertility control....................................................................................79 5.1.10 COPs <strong>and</strong> SOPs <strong>and</strong> humaneness........................................................80 5.1.11 Integrated <strong>management</strong> strategies.......................................................81 5.1.12 Pest or resource – <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> commercial harvesting.......................82 5.1.13 Managing <strong>the</strong> <strong>impact</strong> not <strong>the</strong> <strong>feral</strong> number..........................................83 5.1.14 Monitoring – assessing <strong>the</strong> effectiveness .............................................83 5.2 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> buffalo............................................................... 85 5.3 Management <strong>of</strong> cane toads.................................................................. 88 5.4 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> camels ............................................................... 91 5.5 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> cats.................................................................... 95 5.6 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> deer ................................................................. 101 5.7 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> goats................................................................ 105 5.8 Management <strong>of</strong> <strong>feral</strong> pigs.................................................................. 112 5.9 Management <strong>of</strong> foxes........................................................................ 118 5.10 Management <strong>of</strong> rabbits...................................................................... 125 5.11 Management <strong>of</strong> wild horses <strong>and</strong> donkeys......................................... 138 5.12 Management <strong>of</strong> wild dogs................................................................. 143 5.13 Management <strong>of</strong> carp.......................................................................... 143 Section 6 Stakeholder survey ..............................................................147 Section 7 Key problems <strong>and</strong> opportunities for investment..............156 7.1 Emerging <strong>and</strong> growing problems...................................................... 156 7.1.1 Deer....................................................................................................158 7.1.2 Camels................................................................................................160
7.1.3 Buffalo................................................................................................163 7.1.4 Banteng ..............................................................................................164 7.1.5 Feral cattle in <strong>the</strong> Kimberley .............................................................167 7.1.6 Donkeys near Ka<strong>the</strong>rine ....................................................................167 7.1.7 Goats in New South Wales <strong>and</strong> Western Australia............................167 7.1.8 Rabbits in South Australia .................................................................168 7.1.9 Pigs in Cape York ..............................................................................169 7.1.10 Dingoes <strong>and</strong> dogs in <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory .....................................170 7.1.11 Foxes, pigs, dingoes <strong>and</strong> cats in Queensl<strong>and</strong> ....................................170 7.2 Social <strong>and</strong> industry issues ................................................................. 171 7.2.1 Indigenous communities.....................................................................171 7.2.2 New industries....................................................................................178 7.2.3 Hunting ..............................................................................................180 Section 8 Best practice planning.........................................................183 8.1 Best practice planning....................................................................... 183 8.1.1 Eradication or control .......................................................................183 8.1.2 Nil tenure approach – manage <strong>animals</strong> by distribution not tenure...185 8.1.3 Management objectives – conservation vs production ......................185 8.2 Checklist for best practice planning.................................................. 186 8.3 PESTPLAN....................................................................................... 192 Section 9 Priorities for investment .....................................................194 9.1 Regional priorities............................................................................. 194 9.1.1 Western Australia...............................................................................194 9.1.2 South Australia...................................................................................195 9.1.3 New South Wales................................................................................195 9.1.4 Queensl<strong>and</strong> ........................................................................................196 9.1.5 Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory .............................................................................196 9.2 Gaps in <strong>management</strong> tools <strong>and</strong> priorities for investment.................. 197 9.3 Knowledge <strong>of</strong> biodiversity <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>impact</strong>s <strong>of</strong> pest animal.............. 199 References..............................................................................................201 Appendix A Workshop summary......................................................216 Appendix B Stakeholder survey form..............................................220 Appendix C Database on past NHT funded projects......................228
Page 1: Review of<
Page 4 and 5: Contributors Andrew Norris Pest Ani
Page 8 and 9: Table of figures F
Page 10 and 11: Section 2 Introduction Feral <stron
Page 12 and 13: Amanda Dimmock, QD
Page 14 and 15: Section 3 A status review o
Page 16 and 17: 3.4 Birds Thirteen (or 14) species
Page 18 and 19: Information on the
Page 20 and 21: Summary A rodent that contributes t
Page 22 and 23: Dingoes can become a threat to wild
Page 24 and 25: The significance of</strong
Page 26 and 27: macropods and b<st
Page 28 and 29: ^Lasiorhinus krefftii North
Page 30 and 31: Perceived threat Geopsittacus occid
Page 32 and 33: conservation areas. It is less clea
Page 34 and 35: Table 8 Rare species found in <stro
Page 36 and 37: Competition Several examples are re
Page 38 and 39: In truth, camels do substantial dam
Page 40 and 41: the Tanami. Buffal
Page 42 and 43: The situation today Buffalo numbers
Page 44 and 45: qualify under IUCN criteria as enda
Page 46 and 47: 3.7.16 Goat (Capra hircus) Summary
Page 48 and 49: Drakonorchis drakeoides Hinged Drag
Page 50 and 51: 3.7.19 Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Su
Page 52 and 53: Impacts Much is known about <strong
Page 54 and 55: Distribution Ostriches have won <st
Page 56 and 57:
nest in tree hollows along
Page 58 and 59:
Distribution The skylark is found i
Page 60 and 61:
Distribution The blackbird is wides
Page 62 and 63:
Land, and<
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have been translocated to o
Page 66 and 67:
esources. Significant investment in
Page 68 and 69:
many native species (Clarke et al.
Page 70 and 71:
spread across the
Page 72 and 73:
Section 4 Legislative framework 4.1
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protection, as long as it falls wit
Page 76 and 77:
Native Vegetation Conservation Act
Page 78 and 79:
ehabilitate existing native vegetat
Page 80 and 81:
suppression, which is the</
Page 82 and 83:
al. 1986, 1987). The use of
Page 84 and 85:
5.1.4 Mustering Commercial musterin
Page 86 and 87:
etal. (1997) found that many native
Page 88 and 89:
the vaccine <stron
Page 90 and 91:
Where possible, integration <strong
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strategy, relative cost-effectivene
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Fencing Feral buffalo have a reputa
Page 96 and 97:
5.3 Management of
Page 98 and 99:
Summary of <strong
Page 100 and 101:
time comes for the
Page 102 and 103:
Summary of <strong
Page 104 and 105:
Individual tracking Tracking is a l
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SA - Currently cats are not widely
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Method of control
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Aerial shooting Aerial shooting can
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Summary of <strong
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80% of export was
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ensuring effective treatment <stron
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the lower cost, wi
Page 120 and 121:
5.8 Management of
Page 122 and 123:
conservation value rathe</s
Page 124 and 125:
effort on the cont
Page 126 and 127:
5.9 Management of
Page 128 and 129:
follow transect lines, one kilometr
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as a refuge from predators. Removal
Page 132 and 133:
Summary of <strong
Page 134 and 135:
was completed it was the</s
Page 136 and 137:
warren structure amenable to recolo
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Poisons Traditionally, strychnine,
Page 140 and 141:
infected and steri
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of high priority.
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Method of control
Page 146 and 147:
5.11 Management of
Page 148 and 149:
technique can allow for cost-effect
Page 150 and 151:
Summary of <strong
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In South Australia, between 30 <str
Page 154 and 155:
Summary of <strong
Page 156 and 157:
% respondents 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
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a) b) Figure 3. a) Extent o
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 4 Response frequency for lik
Page 162 and 163:
distribution of <s
Page 164 and 165:
Section 7 Key problems and<
Page 166 and 167:
• Goats degrading temperate woodl
Page 168 and 169:
conservation problems in Europe <st
Page 170 and 171:
message that camels are a valuable
Page 172 and 173:
In the Koolatong R
Page 174 and 175:
environmental degradation’ (Nor<s
Page 176 and 177:
ecause dingo and d
Page 178 and 179:
Various control methods have been a
Page 180 and 181:
Pascale Taplin, an Indigenous L<str
Page 182 and 183:
Lack of a Strategi
Page 184 and 185:
eradicated after seeing the
Page 186 and 187:
In some situations, payment <strong
Page 188 and 189:
could have led to better protocols
Page 190 and 191:
Game hunting is a growing business,
Page 192 and 193:
Much as we might like it, t
Page 194 and 195:
conservation outcome. In such a sit
Page 196 and 197:
community consultation and<
Page 198 and 199:
• Have the non-t
Page 200 and 201:
provide opportunities for strategic
Page 202 and 203:
Section 9 Priorities for investment
Page 204 and 205:
contacted for exact locations <stro
Page 206 and 207:
way. Achilles heel research should
Page 208 and 209:
efficient in any given situation. R
Page 210 and 211:
west Queensland re
Page 212 and 213:
Crossland, MR, 199
Page 214 and 215:
Forsyth, DM, and P
Page 216 and 217:
Lange, RT, and Gra
Page 218 and 219:
Morgan, LA and But
Page 220 and 221:
Parkes, JP, 1990, Feral goat contro
Page 222 and 223:
Van Rensberg, PJJ, Skinner, JD, <st
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Appendix A Ferals animals</
Page 226 and 227:
Indigenous lands I
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix B Stakeholder survey form
Page 230 and 231:
222
Page 232 and 233:
224
Page 234 and 235:
226
Page 236 and 237:
Appendix C Database on past NHT fun
Page 238 and 239:
Lachlan Rehabilitation of</
Page 240 and 241:
Northern Territory
Page 242 and 243:
Cape York Ambiilmungu-Ngarra tradit
Page 244 and 245:
Wet Tropics Expansion and</
Page 246 and 247:
Avon Protecting and</strong
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