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92 Forth Naturalist and Historian, volume 22 BOOK REVIEWS Scotland’s Roman Remains: An Introduction and Handbook. Lawrence Keppie. new edition 1998. John Donald. 200pp. ISBN 0.85976.495.8. £9.95. This edition not only includes new findings of a dozen years of excavations and research since 1986 when it was first commisioned by the Council for British Archaeology Scotland, but illustrations have been enhanced and updated by computer aided technology. Also updated are the bibliography and visiting information – the latter by revisiting many of the sites described – one of which saw the complete removal of the railway viaduct over the fast flowing Esk. Site descriptions and locations are discussed more widely than in previous works. Excavated artifacts are described, and where they can be seen. This new edition is witness to the success the work has achieved since 1986 in increasing public interest and enjoyment in Scotland’s cultural heritage. History of Dollar. Bruce Baillie. 1998. Dollar Museum Trust. 156pp. ISBN 0.9534542.0.7. £10. A sound and handsome history produced by a team of people from the Friends of Dollar Museum, a group of enthusiastic achievers, led by the author, a former master and archivist of the Academy. His many years of interest and research have produced this history to make a real advance on numerous ‘reminiscences’, including the well known one of Gibson of the 1880s, and papers in the Dollar Magazine over the years. The well illustrated text takes us from the early Dollar and its lands, through the Castle Campbell and Argylls, early church, the centuries 17th to 20th, peoples, places, events – including Tait, the Cowden estate, explorer Christie, Japanese garden, the Academy, and so much more – all greatly complementing the resources of the expanding museum. Memories of St Ninians. Willie Jenkins. 1999. Stirling Libraries. 65pp. ISBN 1.870542.39.8. £3.50. Some fifty, mostly old and very well restored photographs of people and places, are informatively annotated to give the book a real feel of history, a celebration of the individuality of St Ninians and its people at work and leisure. The author’s inimitable knowledge, his extensive collection of photographs, his enthusiasm for the place and for sharing it with others, are well demonstrated here. Helpful maps show details of the area as of 1896 and 1996.
Forth Naturalist and Historian, volume 22 93 THE TORWOOD AND THE WALLACE OAK; SOME EARLY RECORDS John G. Harrison The Wallace Oak in Torwood was discussed by Forrester (1) whilst a supplement to Forrester’s paper appears in this issue. Forrester used cartographic evidence to locate the site of this once-famous tree. Recent work has located a number of records concerning management of the Torwood in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Two of these refer to the Wallace Tree and the records make clear that the tree’s long survival was the result of a deliberate policy of protection. Like other semi-natural woods in early modern lowland Scotland the Torwood was managed for the production of timber, bark, charcoal and other wood products. The general aspects of the system are described by Smout and Watson (2). At some phases in the cycle of management the woodland was also grazed and grass was cut for hay. Small woods might be cut in one year but larger woods were divided into a number of sections (called haggs) and one hagg cut per year. Trees were to be cut carefully so as to encourage re-growth. Each section was fenced after it was cut to exclude grazing animals. The contracts often specify that a proportion of substantial trees (maidens) should not be cut and specific trees might be named or marked for preservation. After cutting, re-growth from the stumps was rapid and after 20 years or so the wood was ready to be cut again. Contracts between proprietors and felling contractors become increasingly common from about 1600 on and are the prime documentary source. Lord Forrester, proprietor of the Torwood, entered into such a contract some time prior to 1656 but breached it by selling the wood to others; arbitrators ordered him to compensate the original contractors (3). In 1682 Andro Mackie bought the rights to the bark of the trees in the Holleinwaird of Torwoodhead (a part of the Torwood). He was to pay 37 shillings Scots per boll with a free boll for every twenty bolls and an extra free one for every 100 so this was a substantial area of woodland (4). In the same month, William Livingstone had paid 400 merks for the rights to the haill greine wood and growing timber of all sorts quhatsomever presentlie growing within the dykes and upon the dyke backes, with severall uther bussis of timber growing without the dyke, of the parke of Torwoodhead called the eister parke theirof, and within the roume and mealling presentlie possest be Margaret Rennie, with the bark and other wood products. He had only two years to do this work and this contract clearly refers only to a part of the wood. There is no mention of reservation of maidens but he was to do the work carefully to secure re-growth (5). A 1687 contract excluded the tuo parkes lately cutt (those involved in the 1682 contracts) which lay upon the west syde of the heigh way betuixt the samen and the house of Torrwoodhead, and also the planting in and about the yeards and inclosours of Torrwoodhead. But otherwise this contract encompassed the whole Torwood
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Volume 22 the Forth Naturalist and
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THE WEATHER OF 1998 S. J. Harrison
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Weather 1998 5 May Warm and mostly
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especially over the Carse. Although
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1991 -0.98 Below average 1992 -1.04
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Weather 1998 11 Figure 1 Monthly ai
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Weather 1998 13 Figure 3 Profile of
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Forth Naturalist and Historian, vol
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efore, but we have produced for the
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Bird Report 1998 19 Month 1996/7 19
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Bird Report 1998 21 BLACK-THROATED
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Bird Report 1998 23 over Stirling a
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Bird Report 1998 25 C 2 Gartmorn 15
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Bird Report 1998 27 1 L.Dochart 29
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Bird Report 1998 29 Dunmore 18 Oct
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Bird Report 1998 31 REDSHANK Tringa
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Bird Report 1998 33 WOODPIGEON Colu
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Bird Report 1998 35 S 20 Killin 2 A
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Bird Report 1998 37 F 63 Falkirk 28
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Bird Report 1998 39 GREAT GREY SHRI
Page 41 and 42: Bird Report 1998 41 LINNET Cardueli
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Page 47 and 48: Wallacebank Wood 47 Before work on
Page 49 and 50: Wallacebank Wood 49 Breeding birds
Page 51 and 52: Appendix SCOTTISH WILDLIFE TRUST FA
Page 53 and 54: Hedge Woundwort Stachys sylvatica L
Page 57 and 58: Dragonflies of the Forth Area 57 at
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Sympetrum striolatum (Com
Page 63 and 64: Falkirk District Plants 63 Poa subc
Page 65 and 66: Falkirk District Plants 65 Petasite
Page 69 and 70: Brambles of the Trossachs and Stirl
Page 73 and 74: Series RADULAE R. radula Weihe: As
Page 81 and 82: Wallace Oak: Supplement 81 1771 The
Page 83 and 84: Wallace Oak: Supplement 83 the boxe
Page 85 and 86: Wallace Oak: Supplement 85 1814 At
Page 87 and 88: 1866 “Captain Stobo MP is to send
Page 89 and 90: Wallace Oak: Supplement 89 of a ‘
Page 91: Appendix Wallace Oak: Supplement 91
Page 95 and 96: grass as the tenants preferred. The
Page 99 and 100: Sir George Harvey 99 It was through
Page 101 and 102: Sir George Harvey 101 Harvey and ot
Page 103 and 104: Sir George Harvey 103 Figure 5 Fami
Page 105 and 106: Figure 10 Boy Restraining Dog - Qua
Page 109 and 110: Sheriffmuir Atlantic Wall 109 lengt
Page 111 and 112: Sheriffmuir Atlantic Wall 111 assoc
Page 113 and 114: Sheriffmuir Atlantic Wall 113 Figur
Page 115 and 116: Sheriffmuir Atlantic Wall 115 Figur
Page 119 and 120: Stirling, 70 years ago 119 the pend
Page 121 and 122: Stirling, 70 years ago 121 quality
Page 123 and 124: Stirling, 70 years ago 123 restrict
Page 125 and 126: Stirling, 70 years ago 125 Riversid
Page 127 and 128: Stirling, 70 years ago 127 in my ea
Page 129 and 130: executed at the Old Bridge or the C
Page 131 and 132: Stirling, 70 years ago 131 high bus
Page 135 and 136: Bridges of the Forth 135 All of thi
Page 137 and 138: Bridges of the Forth 137 Elegant as
Page 139 and 140: Bridges of the Forth 139 passed by
Page 141 and 142: Bridges of the Forth 141 an ordinar
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Bridges of the Forth 143 been incor
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Bridges of the Forth 145 Editorial
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Braco: Ardoch Bridge Knaik NN 837 0
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Forth Figure 5 Alloa Rail - after
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Figure 13 Old Bridge, Callander. Te
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Figure 18 Bridge of Devon, Tullibod
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Forth Naturalist and Historian, vol
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