Namibia country report

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Housing at BernafeyHousing at DrimiopsisWater infrastructure in need of repair at Westfalen.Water provision at Drimiopsis.Diversification at Skoonheid – leather production.Firewood – an abundant natural resource at Westfalen.148 ● Livelihoods after land reform: Namibia country report (2010)
At Drimiopsis and Skoonheid, harvesting of natural resources complemented agriculturalproduction to a very limited extent. The natural resources were used primarily for ownconsumption and a very limited amount could be sold locally.Beneficiaries gathered veldkos (field food) seasonally to supplement their diet. However, theresettlement lands were said to be too small to supply adequate amounts of veldkos for allcommunity members, so families sometimes had to search for it beyond the borders of theresettlement land. Veldkos was most abundant during the rainy season, but was harvestedonly after the rains, from around July, and it lasted only until August.The foods gathered included marimba nuts, boesman komkommer (‘bushman cucumber’),wild potatoes and berries. Even if abundant, not all of these natural products could be sold.Traditionally, the sale of wild potatoes and boesman komkommer was prohibited, whereasmarimba nuts and berries could be sold, the main market being at the Roman CatholicMission at Epukiro.Karolina explained that marimba nuts in particular were very much sought after. The oldpeople would crush the nuts, boil the mulch and scoop off the fat, the taste of which is saidto be as good as beef fat. Herero people tend to buy this fat whenever it is available. However,at the time of the field visit, the practice of producing fat from marimba nuts had largelystopped in the Drimiopsis area due to declining availability there.Kamagu or devil’s claw was also harvested at Drimiopsis, mostly for own medicinal use.Beneficiaries were promised that somebody would go to the project to providing training onharvesting devil’s claw sustainably for commercial purposes. This was already happeningin other parts of Omaheke.In the absence of electricity at both Skoonheid and Drimiopsis, beneficiaries dependedon firewood for cooking, lighting and heating purposes. The task of collecting firewoodwas usually assigned to women. At Drimiopsis it was mentioned that the search for firewoodrequired walking longer distances today than in the early 1990s when the scheme started.Some beneficiaries at Skoonheid who owned dogs used them to hunt rabbits and smallantelope such as steenbok and warthogs, in spite of their fear of being caught by the police. Afew beneficiaries hunted snakes or tortoises to eat.6.3.1.4 Grazing land for multi-purpose livestock productionAccess to group resettlement land gave beneficiaries grazing for their livestock. However,because few beneficiaries owned livestock, pastures were underutilised at Drimiopsis andBernafey. At Skoonheid the situation was different because the group resettlement schemeoccupies only a portion of the farm. Grazing on the scheme portion was underutilisedat the time of the field visit only because the beneficiaries did not own sufficient livestock.The remainder of Skoonheid had been allocated to 11 individual livestock farmers on atemporary basis. They utilised 3-4 camps each for grazing and some rainfed cultivation.Livelihoods after Section Land Reform: B ● 6. Group Namibia Resettlement country report Schemes (2010) ● 149
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© Land, Environment and Developmen
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Leading the Fieldis a publication o
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AcknowledgementsThe three-and-a-hal
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2 LAND REFORM ANDPOVERTY: NATIONALP
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Poverty in Omaheke.Poverty in Harda
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the concern was expressed that “i
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As will be discussed below, a numbe
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from Germany in 1907 (Werner forthc
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2.4 Land reform and rural developme
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The Agricultural (Commercial) Land
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Policy (RoN 1998: 1). What defined
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The determination of a viable unit
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Cabinet Minister who argued that th
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in Hardap criticised government for
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A farm in Hardap - enforcing privat
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The process from land acquisition t
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Herero traditional leaders ascribed
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Table 5: Institutions involved in l
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3 REGIONAL CONTEXTS3.1 HardapSpanni
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Namibia as a whole has declined ste
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Plowing for crop cultivation at Sko
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Bernard bought a farm through the A
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All of the AALS farmers surveyed in
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Marketing channels for weaners in O
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The tight financial position of som
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4.3 Typology of livelihood strategi
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he had about 600 in 2008. In additi
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The second stage of the ‘cyclical
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did not offer alternative land, but
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4.4.4 The ‘broekskeur en vasbyt
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in town is too fast and one is not
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Table 9: Age and gender distributio
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Figure 1: Education levels in FURS
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Only two beneficiaries in the whole
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5.1.3 Settlers’ relationship with
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stated that they would be able to f
Page 105 and 106: cows of all three farmers were serv
Page 108 and 109: Table 19: Gross incomes of FURS liv
Page 110 and 111: stock theft there. The closest poli
Page 112 and 113: 5.2.5 MarketingTable 21 summarises
Page 114 and 115: the remainder of the year, goats ar
Page 116 and 117: 5.2.7 SkillsAlthough many FURS bene
Page 118: The most common crops grown were ma
Page 121: 5.5 Livelihood trajectoriesBased on
Page 124 and 125: Previously a part-time farmer in a
Page 126: of the allocated unit, but the numb
Page 129 and 130: e accommodated by the National Rese
Page 131 and 132: 6 GROUPRESETTLEMENTSCHEMESOfficiall
Page 134 and 135: Low levels of education further lim
Page 136: William did not really want to farm
Page 139 and 140: age, they decided that he had worke
Page 141 and 142: which was too far away to visit as
Page 144 and 145: Expenses for the group scheme farme
Page 146 and 147: phoned the MLR in Gobabis to send a
Page 148 and 149: they never learnt to save. They sho
Page 150 and 151: idea was to grow crops and sell the
Page 152: At Bernafey, 7 beneficiaries involv
Page 158 and 159: 6.3.2 Other livelihood strategiesBe
Page 161 and 162: 6.3.2.3 Piece workWork on other far
Page 163 and 164: A shop at Drimiopsisshop as a livel
Page 165 and 166: When Alfons settled at Skoonheid in
Page 167 and 168: Farm workerLoses job / unemployedBe
Page 169 and 170: there. Instead, the MLRR advised hi
Page 171 and 172: the major issues identified in sect
Page 173 and 174: LaLR fieldwork at Bernafey.LaLR stu
Page 175 and 176: such external support was available
Page 177 and 178: formal lease agreement. Many people
Page 179: communal areas at minimal costs for
Page 182 and 183: study sample also complained about
Page 184 and 185: The National Resettlement Policy pr
Page 186: REFERENCESAbrahams, K. 1982. “The
Page 189 and 190: Namibia Agricultural Union. 2003. A
Page 191 and 192: Livelihoods after Land Reform: Nami
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