Namibia country report

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South West Africa. n.d. [1966]. A Five Year Plan for the Development of the Native Areas. Windhoek: South WestAfrica Administration.South West Africa/Namibia. 1984. Development Conference 84: A compilation of papers presented by the chairmenof the policy advisory committees and speakers from the private sector as well as semi-state sector. Windhoek:South West Africa Administration.Steenkamp, P. 1995. “The churches”. In Leys and Saul (eds), op. cit.Strauss, A. 1990. “Gemeinschaftsorganisationen in Namibia”. In Kandetu et al. (eds), op. cit.Suzman, J. 1995. “In the Margins: A qualitative examination of the status of farm workers in the commercialand communal farming areas of the Omaheke Region’. Farm Workers Project Research Report Series, No. 1.Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre.Suzman, J. 2001. An Assessment of the Status of the San in Namibia. Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre.SWA Landbou-Unie. 1985. Die finansiële posisie van boere in Suidwes-Afrika, 1983 (Dok. M423/85). Windhoek:SWALU.Sylvain, R. 1999. “We work to have a life”: Ju/’Hoan women, work and survival in the Omaheke Region,Namibia”. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Toronto.Tapscott, C. 1995. “War, peace and social classes”. In Leys and Saul (eds), op. cit.Tapscott, C. 2001. “Class formation and civil society in Namibia”. In I. Diener and O. Graefe (eds), 2001,Contemporary Namibia: The first landmarks of a post-Apartheid society. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan /IFRA.Technical Committee on Commercial Farmland. 1992. Report of the Technical Committee on CommercialFarmland. Windhoek: Office of the Prime Minister.Von Wietersheim, E. 2008. This land is my land! Motions and emotions around land reform in Namibia.Windhoek: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Werner, W. 1994. “Land tenure issues in Namibia: Interactions with sustainable resource management”. In S.Wolters (ed.), 1994, Proceedings of Namibia’s National Workshop to Combat Desertification. Windhoek: DesertResearch Foundation of Namibia.Werner, W. 2000. “Agriculture and land”. In H. Melber (ed.), 2000, Namibia: A decade of Independence 1990-2000. NEPRU Publication No. 7. Windhoek: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit.Werner, W. 2002. “Land reform and land rights in Namibia”. In W. Apelt and J. Motte (eds), 2002, Landrecht:Perspektiven der Konfliktvermeidung im Südlichen Afrika – Ein Symposium der Archiv- und MuseumsstiftungWuppertal in Zusammenarbeit mit der Vereinigten Evangelischen Mission. Wuppertal: Foedus-Verlag.Werner, W. 2003. Synopsis: Land reform in Namibia. Windhoek: GTZ.Werner, W. 2009. Post-settlement Support Strategy. Windhoek: Ministry of Lands and Resettlement.Werner, W. (forthcoming). Review of land and water use in the Fish River Basin. Windhoek: Ephemeral RiverBasins (ERB) Project, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia.Werner, W. and P. Vigne. 2000. Resettlement Co-operatives in Namibia – Past and Future. Windhoek: Ministryof Agriculture, Water and Rural Development.182 ● Livelihoods after land reform: Namibia country report (2010)
Livelihoods after Land Reform: Namibia country report (2010) ● 183
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© Land, Environment and Developmen
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Leading the Fieldis a publication o
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AcknowledgementsThe three-and-a-hal
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2 LAND REFORM ANDPOVERTY: NATIONALP
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Poverty in Omaheke.Poverty in Harda
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the concern was expressed that “i
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As will be discussed below, a numbe
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from Germany in 1907 (Werner forthc
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2.4 Land reform and rural developme
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The Agricultural (Commercial) Land
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Policy (RoN 1998: 1). What defined
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The determination of a viable unit
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Cabinet Minister who argued that th
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in Hardap criticised government for
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A farm in Hardap - enforcing privat
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The process from land acquisition t
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Herero traditional leaders ascribed
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Table 5: Institutions involved in l
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3 REGIONAL CONTEXTS3.1 HardapSpanni
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Namibia as a whole has declined ste
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Plowing for crop cultivation at Sko
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Bernard bought a farm through the A
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All of the AALS farmers surveyed in
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Marketing channels for weaners in O
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The tight financial position of som
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4.3 Typology of livelihood strategi
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he had about 600 in 2008. In additi
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The second stage of the ‘cyclical
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did not offer alternative land, but
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4.4.4 The ‘broekskeur en vasbyt
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in town is too fast and one is not
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Table 9: Age and gender distributio
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Figure 1: Education levels in FURS
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Only two beneficiaries in the whole
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5.1.3 Settlers’ relationship with
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stated that they would be able to f
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cows of all three farmers were serv
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Table 19: Gross incomes of FURS liv
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stock theft there. The closest poli
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5.2.5 MarketingTable 21 summarises
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the remainder of the year, goats ar
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5.2.7 SkillsAlthough many FURS bene
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The most common crops grown were ma
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5.5 Livelihood trajectoriesBased on
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Previously a part-time farmer in a
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of the allocated unit, but the numb
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e accommodated by the National Rese
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6 GROUPRESETTLEMENTSCHEMESOfficiall
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Low levels of education further lim
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William did not really want to farm
Page 139 and 140: age, they decided that he had worke
Page 141 and 142: which was too far away to visit as
Page 144 and 145: Expenses for the group scheme farme
Page 146 and 147: phoned the MLR in Gobabis to send a
Page 148 and 149: they never learnt to save. They sho
Page 150 and 151: idea was to grow crops and sell the
Page 152: At Bernafey, 7 beneficiaries involv
Page 156 and 157: Housing at BernafeyHousing at Drimi
Page 158 and 159: 6.3.2 Other livelihood strategiesBe
Page 161 and 162: 6.3.2.3 Piece workWork on other far
Page 163 and 164: A shop at Drimiopsisshop as a livel
Page 165 and 166: When Alfons settled at Skoonheid in
Page 167 and 168: Farm workerLoses job / unemployedBe
Page 169 and 170: there. Instead, the MLRR advised hi
Page 171 and 172: the major issues identified in sect
Page 173 and 174: LaLR fieldwork at Bernafey.LaLR stu
Page 175 and 176: such external support was available
Page 177 and 178: formal lease agreement. Many people
Page 179: communal areas at minimal costs for
Page 182 and 183: study sample also complained about
Page 184 and 185: The National Resettlement Policy pr
Page 186: REFERENCESAbrahams, K. 1982. “The
Page 189: Namibia Agricultural Union. 2003. A
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