Namibia country report

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AcknowledgementsThe three-and-a-half-year Livelihoods after land reform (LaLR) research programme wasfunded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of the UK (project numberRES-167-25-0037). We thank the ESRC for its financial support.The research was undertaken by the Institute for Poverty, Programme for Land and AgrarianStudies, School of Government, University of the Western Cape; the Institute for DevelopmentStudies, University of Sussex, UK; and the Land, Environment and Development (LEAD)Project of the Legal Assistance Centre (LAC), Namibia, in collaboration with Dr WolfgangWerner. See www.lalr.org.za for more details and other research outputs.The Namibian research team acknowledges with gratitude the support of the individualswho assisted in conducting the fieldwork for this study and in drafting this report:• z Bertus Kruger and Daniel Motinga provided support at the beginning of the LaLRproject in Namibia.• z Prof. Ben Cousins, coordinator of the LaLR project, made suggestions for sections ofthis report and guided the researchers throughout the study period.• z Shadrack Tjiramba, research assistant at LEAD, conducted field interviews and gatheredinformation and background materials.• z Dr Ute Dieckmann, researcher at LEAD, commented on earlier drafts of this report.• z Mona Froystad of the Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU) capturedthe quantitative data for Hardap Region in the SPSS format.• z Piet Stoman and Christiaan Keulder of Survey Warehouse captured the quantitativedata for Omaheke Region in the SPSS format.• z Heiko Binding contributed to the economic analysis of land reform.• z Several people commented on earlier drafts of the Namibian report during the projectmeetings in Limpopo Province (2007), Hardap Region (2008) and Masvingo Province(2009).• z Perri Caplan cast the multi-lingual text inputs into a form more closely resembling theEnglish language, and laid out this report.The photographs in this report were taken by Wolfgang Werner, Willem Odendaal andTheodor Muduva.The LAC thanks the Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst (EED), Humanistisch Instituutvoor Ontwikkelingssamewerking (HIVOS) and the Embassy of Finland in Namibia fortheir financial support of the LEAD Project over the years.vi ● Livelihoods after land reform: Namibia country report (2010)
Background OnTHE STUDY ANDLAND REFORMPOLICYSection ABernafey group resettlement scheme, Hardap Region.Livelihoods after Land Reform: Namibia country report (2010) ● 11
Page 2 and 3: © Land, Environment and Developmen
Page 4: Leading the Fieldis a publication o
Page 17 and 18: 2 LAND REFORM ANDPOVERTY: NATIONALP
Page 19 and 20: Poverty in Omaheke.Poverty in Harda
Page 21: the concern was expressed that “i
Page 24 and 25: As will be discussed below, a numbe
Page 28 and 29: from Germany in 1907 (Werner forthc
Page 31: 2.4 Land reform and rural developme
Page 34 and 35: The Agricultural (Commercial) Land
Page 38 and 39: Policy (RoN 1998: 1). What defined
Page 40: The determination of a viable unit
Page 44 and 45: Cabinet Minister who argued that th
Page 47 and 48: in Hardap criticised government for
Page 49 and 50: A farm in Hardap - enforcing privat
Page 51 and 52: The process from land acquisition t
Page 53 and 54: Herero traditional leaders ascribed
Page 55 and 56: Table 5: Institutions involved in l
Page 59 and 60:
3 REGIONAL CONTEXTS3.1 HardapSpanni
Page 61 and 62:
Namibia as a whole has declined ste
Page 63:
Plowing for crop cultivation at Sko
Page 69:
Bernard bought a farm through the A
Page 72 and 73:
All of the AALS farmers surveyed in
Page 74 and 75:
Marketing channels for weaners in O
Page 78 and 79:
The tight financial position of som
Page 80 and 81:
4.3 Typology of livelihood strategi
Page 82 and 83:
he had about 600 in 2008. In additi
Page 84 and 85:
The second stage of the ‘cyclical
Page 86 and 87:
did not offer alternative land, but
Page 88 and 89:
4.4.4 The ‘broekskeur en vasbyt
Page 91:
in town is too fast and one is not
Page 94 and 95:
Table 9: Age and gender distributio
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 1: Education levels in FURS
Page 98 and 99:
Only two beneficiaries in the whole
Page 100:
5.1.3 Settlers’ relationship with
Page 103 and 104:
stated that they would be able to f
Page 105 and 106:
cows of all three farmers were serv
Page 108 and 109:
Table 19: Gross incomes of FURS liv
Page 110 and 111:
stock theft there. The closest poli
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5.2.5 MarketingTable 21 summarises
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the remainder of the year, goats ar
Page 116 and 117:
5.2.7 SkillsAlthough many FURS bene
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The most common crops grown were ma
Page 121:
5.5 Livelihood trajectoriesBased on
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Previously a part-time farmer in a
Page 126:
of the allocated unit, but the numb
Page 129 and 130:
e accommodated by the National Rese
Page 131 and 132:
6 GROUPRESETTLEMENTSCHEMESOfficiall
Page 134 and 135:
Low levels of education further lim
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William did not really want to farm
Page 139 and 140:
age, they decided that he had worke
Page 141 and 142:
which was too far away to visit as
Page 144 and 145:
Expenses for the group scheme farme
Page 146 and 147:
phoned the MLR in Gobabis to send a
Page 148 and 149:
they never learnt to save. They sho
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idea was to grow crops and sell the
Page 152:
At Bernafey, 7 beneficiaries involv
Page 156 and 157:
Housing at BernafeyHousing at Drimi
Page 158 and 159:
6.3.2 Other livelihood strategiesBe
Page 161 and 162:
6.3.2.3 Piece workWork on other far
Page 163 and 164:
A shop at Drimiopsisshop as a livel
Page 165 and 166:
When Alfons settled at Skoonheid in
Page 167 and 168:
Farm workerLoses job / unemployedBe
Page 169 and 170:
there. Instead, the MLRR advised hi
Page 171 and 172:
the major issues identified in sect
Page 173 and 174:
LaLR fieldwork at Bernafey.LaLR stu
Page 175 and 176:
such external support was available
Page 177 and 178:
formal lease agreement. Many people
Page 179:
communal areas at minimal costs for
Page 182 and 183:
study sample also complained about
Page 184 and 185:
The National Resettlement Policy pr
Page 186:
REFERENCESAbrahams, K. 1982. “The
Page 189 and 190:
Namibia Agricultural Union. 2003. A
Page 191 and 192:
Livelihoods after Land Reform: Nami
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