Namibia country report

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Leys, C. and J. Saul (eds). 1995. Namibia’s Liberation Struggle: The Two-edged Sword. London: James Curry.Malan, J. and M. Hinz (eds). 1997. Communal Land Administration: Second National Traditional AuthorityConference Proceedings. CASS Paper No. 38. Windhoek: Centre for Applied Social Sciences.Mayson, D. 2003. Joint Ventures. Cape Town: Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies, School of Government,University of the Western Cape / Surplus People Project.Meliczek, H. 2008. Report on Resettlement. Windhoek: Ministry of Lands and Resettlement / Rural PovertyReduction Programme.Mendelsohn, J. (with contributions from S. el Obeid, N. de Klerk and P. Vigne). 2006. Farming systems inNamibia. Windhoek: Research and Information Services of Namibia for the Namibia National Farmers Union.Mendelsohn, J. and S. el Obeid. 2002. The communal lands in eastern Namibia. Windhoek: Namibia NatureFoundation.Mendelsohn, J., A. Jarvis, C. Roberts and T. Robertson. 2002. Atlas of Namibia: A Portrait of the Land and itsPeople. Cape Town: David Philip.Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry AEZ Project. Farm database. Windhoek: Directorate of AgriculturalResearch and Training.Ministry of Lands and Resettlement. Annual Reports for 2004/05 and 2005/06.Ministry of Lands and Resettlement. 2007. Strategic Plan 2006-2010.Ministry of Lands and Resettlement. 2008. Draft Resettlement Manual: Operational manual for resettlementprogramme.Ministry of Lands and Resettlement. n.d. [2008]. “List of resettlement farms in Omaheke Region and theirsettlers” (obtained from the Gobabis Regional MLR Office in November 2008).Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 1996. Annual Report for 1995/96.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 1998a. National Land Policy.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 1998b. Scale models for a farming unit – land reform. Reportof the Farming Unit Advisory Committee (a sub-committee of the Land Reform Advisory Commission.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 1999. Annual Report for 1998/99.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 2001a. National Resettlement Policy.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 2001b. “Heja Lodge land reform workshop: Preliminarydraft report”. Mimeo.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 2002. “Introductory remarks by Honourable HifikepunyePohamba, MP, Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation, at the tabling of the proposed amendmentsto the Agricultural (Commercial) Land Reform Act (Act No. 6 of 1995)”. Mimeo.Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. 1998, 1999, 2003. The Land (newsletter of the Ministryof Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation), Vol. 1, No. 1 (1998), Vol. 2, No. 2 (1999), Vol. 7, No. 7 (2003).Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. n.d. Resettlement Manual.Moll, P. 1994. “Subsidisation, taxation and viability of the commercial agricultural sector in Namibia:Background paper to the National Conference on Land Reform and the Land Question, 1991”. NEPRUWorking Paper No. 12. Windhoek: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit.Mosotho, K. and M. Tsiu. 2008. “Assessment of land use on the resettlement farms Lievenberg, Drimiopsisand Du Plessis”. In Analyses and Views (journal of the Namibia Institute for Democracy), Vol. 5, No. 4.180 ● Livelihoods after land reform: Namibia country report (2010)
Namibia Agricultural Union. 2003. A framework for sustainable land use and land reform in Namibia. Windhoek:NAU.Namibia Agricultural Union. 2004. Proposals for establishing principles and procedures for agricultural developmentpurposes in Namibia. Windhoek: NAU.Namibia Agricultural Union. 2005. The Namibia Agricultural Union and land reform. Windhoek: NAU.Namibia Water Resources Management Review. 2000. Water Use and Conservation: Theme Report. Windhoek:Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development.National Planning Commission. 2005. Government of the Republic of Namibia Civic Organisations PartnershipsPolicy. Windhoek: Office of the President.National Planning Commission. 2006a. Omaheke Regional Poverty Profile – Based on village-level participatorypoverty assessments in the Omaheke Region in October/November 2004. Windhoek: Office of the President.National Planning Commission. 2006b. Draft Poverty Profile: Hardap Region. Windhoek: Office of the President.Pankhurst, D. 1996. “Similar but different? Assessing the reserve economy legacy of Namibia”. In Journal ofSouthern African Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3.Parliamentary Standing Committee on Economics, Natural Resources and Public Administration. 2004.Report on the Affirmative Action Loan Scheme (AALS). Windhoek: National Assembly of the Republic of Namibia.Permanent Technical Team on Land Reform. 2004. “Resettlement Survey Report 2003/2004”. Unpublished.Windhoek: Ministry of Lands and Resettlement.Permanent Technical Team on Land Reform. 2005a. Strategic Options and Action Plan for Land Reform inNamibia. Windhoek: Ministry of Lands and Resettlement.Permanent Technical Team on Land Reform (PTT). 2005b. Background Research Work and Findings of thePTT Studies. Windhoek: Ministry of Lands and Resettlement.Purcell, R. 1994. “Economic analysis of land reform options in Namibia”. NEPRU Working Paper No. 41(also published in Republic of Namibia, 1991). Windhoek: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit.Republic of Namibia. 1991. National Conference on Land Reform and the Land Question, Volume 1. Windhoek:Office of the Prime Minister.Republic of Namibia. 1994. Debates of the National Assembly. Windhoek: Government of the Republic of Namibia.Republic of Namibia. 1995. National Agricultural Policy. Windhoek: Ministry of Agriculture, Water and RuralDevelopment.Republic of Namibia. 1998. National Land Policy. Windhoek: Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation.Republic of Namibia. n.d. [2001]. Second National Development Plan (NDP2), 2001/02-2005/06, Volume 2:Regional development perspectives. Windhoek: National Planning Commission.Republic of Namibia. 2006. “Media release from Cabinet Chambers, 17 May 2006”. Windhoek: Office of thePresident.Republic of Namibia. 2008. Third National Development Plan (NDP3), 2007/08-2011/12, Volume 1. Windhoek:National Planning Commission.Republic of South Africa. 1964. Report of the Commission of Enquiry into South West Africa Affairs, 1962/63(RP 12/1964). Pretoria: Government Printer.Schuh, C., C. Conroy, J. Grimm, M. Humavindu, C. Kwala and W. Werner. 2006. Economics of land use:Financial and economic analysis of land-based development schemes in Namibia. Windhoek: GTZ .Sherbourne, R. 2009. Guide to the Namibian Economy 2009. Windhoek: Institute for Public Policy Research.Livelihoods after Land Reform: Namibia country report References (2010) ● 181
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© Land, Environment and Developmen
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Leading the Fieldis a publication o
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AcknowledgementsThe three-and-a-hal
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2 LAND REFORM ANDPOVERTY: NATIONALP
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Poverty in Omaheke.Poverty in Harda
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the concern was expressed that “i
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As will be discussed below, a numbe
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from Germany in 1907 (Werner forthc
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2.4 Land reform and rural developme
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The Agricultural (Commercial) Land
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Policy (RoN 1998: 1). What defined
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The determination of a viable unit
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Cabinet Minister who argued that th
Page 47 and 48:
in Hardap criticised government for
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A farm in Hardap - enforcing privat
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The process from land acquisition t
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Herero traditional leaders ascribed
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Table 5: Institutions involved in l
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3 REGIONAL CONTEXTS3.1 HardapSpanni
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Namibia as a whole has declined ste
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Plowing for crop cultivation at Sko
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Bernard bought a farm through the A
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All of the AALS farmers surveyed in
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Marketing channels for weaners in O
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The tight financial position of som
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4.3 Typology of livelihood strategi
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he had about 600 in 2008. In additi
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The second stage of the ‘cyclical
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did not offer alternative land, but
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4.4.4 The ‘broekskeur en vasbyt
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in town is too fast and one is not
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Table 9: Age and gender distributio
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Figure 1: Education levels in FURS
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Only two beneficiaries in the whole
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5.1.3 Settlers’ relationship with
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stated that they would be able to f
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cows of all three farmers were serv
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Table 19: Gross incomes of FURS liv
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stock theft there. The closest poli
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5.2.5 MarketingTable 21 summarises
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the remainder of the year, goats ar
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5.2.7 SkillsAlthough many FURS bene
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The most common crops grown were ma
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5.5 Livelihood trajectoriesBased on
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Previously a part-time farmer in a
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of the allocated unit, but the numb
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e accommodated by the National Rese
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6 GROUPRESETTLEMENTSCHEMESOfficiall
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Low levels of education further lim
Page 136: William did not really want to farm
Page 139 and 140: age, they decided that he had worke
Page 141 and 142: which was too far away to visit as
Page 144 and 145: Expenses for the group scheme farme
Page 146 and 147: phoned the MLR in Gobabis to send a
Page 148 and 149: they never learnt to save. They sho
Page 150 and 151: idea was to grow crops and sell the
Page 152: At Bernafey, 7 beneficiaries involv
Page 156 and 157: Housing at BernafeyHousing at Drimi
Page 158 and 159: 6.3.2 Other livelihood strategiesBe
Page 161 and 162: 6.3.2.3 Piece workWork on other far
Page 163 and 164: A shop at Drimiopsisshop as a livel
Page 165 and 166: When Alfons settled at Skoonheid in
Page 167 and 168: Farm workerLoses job / unemployedBe
Page 169 and 170: there. Instead, the MLRR advised hi
Page 171 and 172: the major issues identified in sect
Page 173 and 174: LaLR fieldwork at Bernafey.LaLR stu
Page 175 and 176: such external support was available
Page 177 and 178: formal lease agreement. Many people
Page 179: communal areas at minimal costs for
Page 182 and 183: study sample also complained about
Page 184 and 185: The National Resettlement Policy pr
Page 186: REFERENCESAbrahams, K. 1982. “The
Page 191 and 192: Livelihoods after Land Reform: Nami
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