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Appendix CPASSIVE SOLAR DESIGNA Simple Design Methodologyfor Passive Solar ArchitectureBy Dennis R. Holloway (the die-hard solar architect!)For more information see:www.dennisrhollowayarchitect.comAuthor's Note : The following information is a precipitationof knowledge acquired through my practice and research inthe 1970's regarding the use of solar energy to 'passively'heat and cool buildings. I believe that continuingdissemination of this information through the Internet isvery important in a time when earth's bio-environment is soendangered by the continued combustion of fossil fuel intothe atmosp<strong>here</strong>. Please copy this page and distribute itfreely.The ancient discovery that the shadow of a "gnomon"-- an arrow stuck verticallyinto the ground--mirrored the perfectly symmetrical path of the sun across the sky isas important to the development of civilization as the discovery of the wheel. Bystudying the m ovements of this shadow people first conceived of the 90 ° (right)angle-- the foundation of geometry, and ultimately of architecture. A result of this324
"shadow science" origin is that most architecture and city street grids are related tothe north-south east-west axes. The ancients also gained great insights into thepotential of architecture to modify the sun's shadow and radiant heat.Indeed, using the sun as a heat source is nothing new. In XENOPHON'SMEMORABILIA, written 2400 years ago, Socrates observed:"Now in houses with a south aspect, the sun's rays penetrate into the porticos in winter, but in thesummer, the path of the sun is right over our heads and above the roof, so that t<strong>here</strong> is shade. Ifthen this is the best arrangement, we should build the south side loftier to get the winter sun and thenorth side lower to keep out the winter winds. To put it shortly, the house in which the owner canfind a pleasant retreat at all seasons and can store his belongings safely is presumabl y at once thepleasantest and the most beautiful."While the Greek house that Socrates described probably lost heat as fast as it wascollected, due to convective and radiation losses, the Romans discovered that if thesouth-facing portico and windows were covered with glass, the solar energy wouldbe trapped causing the internal temperature to stay constant into the night. Thissimple phenomenon called the "greenhouse effect" is illustrated by the experienceof returning to y our car on a sunny, cool day and finding it overheated. Today wecall the house that uses the greenhouse effect for heating a "passive solar house."It is a common rule -of-thumb that, compared to a conventionally designed house ofthe same square footage, a well -designed passive solar house can reduce energy billsby 75% with an added construction cost of only 5-10%. In many parts of the U.S.passive solar houses do not require any auxiliary energy for heating and cooling.Given current and future projected fuel costs, the additional construction cost isrecovered quickly. Official surveys show 100,000 passive solar homes in theU.S.(1984), but informal estimates bring to one million the number of buildings thatemploy some aspects of passive solar design, often south-facing greenhouses.325
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Your Complete Guide to Sustainable
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Special OfferNatural Living: The Wi
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Copyright 8 2004 John WilsonPublish
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AcknowledgementsThis book could not
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TRANSPORTATION 178VALUE CONNECTION
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Dazzling and tremendous how quick t
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our times in the struggle to stop t
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ChangeThings happen for a reasonAn
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Chapter 1OUR CURRENT SITUATIONMajor
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eing restarted slowly. It turns out
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insanity of war and the terrible de
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R The first large wind turbine has
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R Kalundborg, Denmark: This area is
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29> EcoVillage at Ithaca NewYork.
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television, advertising designed to
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Chapter 2A BRIEF HISTORY OFSUSTAINA
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sunlight entered them in winter, bu
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The History of Wind EnergyWind ener
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Chapter 3CHANGE?Change really can c
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consumers to ask the question, does
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Too Many Parking LotsThere are too
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all of these are now known to produ
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R Drug useR CrimeR PovertyR Terrori
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the economic assumption of endless
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much less. More than that, we could
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that reinforces scientific material
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To bring down the whole house of ca
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Big PictureThe vast scale and compl
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Find the Right Scale for Action In
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direct use of heat from the sun in
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Driven by an uncritical worship of
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The fact is that our earth system w
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This analysis suggests that the glo
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capitalism institutionalizes a syst
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to finance the types of projects th
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Much of it was formed before many o
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of time, gave Al Gore a new sense o
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corporations, or countries is that
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Natural Living1. Awareness2. Food3.
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Chapter 4TAKE THE FIRST STEPStart t
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e aware of nature, life, rocks, lea
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That is why Natural Living revolves
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• Transportation (cars and trucks
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5. Make a concerted effort to focus
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these changes. When youve achieved
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Natural LivingLife Activity Take Ac
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Chapter 6NATURAL LIVING STEPSThe fo
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Step 2: FoodReminder: You are what
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Step 3: PlanReminder: Failure to pl
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6. Use local renewable sources of w
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found the resources to achieve Natu
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Step 4: HomeReminder: Home is where
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for materials significantly minimiz
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with nature and people who are of n
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quantum mechanics, Gandhi has appli
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Connect, in the article All Hands t
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connecting, and building your relat
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Step 7: CreativityReminder: If we c
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Words of Truth by VincentI will try
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· Get local businesses to provide
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Chapter 7ORGANIC FOODTaking pleasur
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More NutritiousThe variety and nutr
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Chapter 8PLACELooking at your place
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Chapter 9EFFICIENCYNot needing some
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Chapter 10PASSIVE SOLAR HEATINGAND
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R Hydronic heating to supplement st
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Chapter 11STRAW BALECONSTRUCTION135
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dampen the shock, bend, while not b
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anywhere near the work site. Also,
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are not many architects who are fam
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· Wire mesh for window/door corner
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windows allowing sufficient wire to
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With tools prepared the sewing can
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Each layer should be applied comple
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Straw Bale Details: A Manual for De
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This home in the city of Mississaug
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ideas. This included the idea of th
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feeds the existing water tank. This
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desire to learn from nature. The pl
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Active SolarWood stoveFood· Uni-so
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DesignR Typically a green roof need
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Chapter 13RENEWABLE ENERGYSYSTEMSNo
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way to convert sunlight into electr
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Case Study: Freedom Off-The-GridGai
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Leonard bought the property in 1987
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The home has lots of natural daylig
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The appliances, washer and dryer ar
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complete set of videos from the con
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ecause at the time Leigh, my wife,
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fuel driven economy even though the
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Peace· True peace is a symbiosis w
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Chapter 16THE JOURNEYIt started whe
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Claire, our daughter is almost one
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waves, wind and rain would soon swa
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local restaurant was far enough to
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charge the batteries when power is
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The town of Cabarete providesplenty
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Every time we visit the wind is blo
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SOLAR HOT WATER SHOWERThis system a
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R CoconutsR MangoesR PapayaR Cherri
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Being an organic farmer is not alwa
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· Airtight walls: Airtight walls e
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· Reduced disposal of toxic produc
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DRINKABLE-WATER SYSTEMWater and Was
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Chapter 17PLANNING THE NEW HOUSEIn
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Most properties we saw had problems
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and piping systems would be require
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system pushed costs beyond the orig
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solar home design, excellent insula
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system that is being used to transf
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It is the goal of Natural Living to
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R Take advantage of the local straw
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R Straw-bale wall on north side of
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on the south side of the basement n
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costs. The results are houses of th
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Chapter 21BUILDINGOn my 34 th birth
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Pers walked us through the Kortrigh
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ough stucco wall, so they dont get
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Letting Light InNovember 2000The gr
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Green Roof withCentral Sky LightFeb
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Stacking BalesApril 2001Up go the b
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Finishing Stucco onthe Straw Bale W
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Green Roof ConceptMartin Liefhebber
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Wind TurbineOperating whileSolar Pa
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Wind and SolarGoing Full BlastAugus
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technologies such as straw-bale con
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R Staple the chicken wire to the ou
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sunshine from the south are where t
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XL wind turbine can generate up to
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R Extremely quiet, good sound insul
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R Silent operation;R Solid state el
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R The north wall has a minimal numb
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constant use. The second is lightin
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R Smaller size reduces energy requi
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R We selected only the most efficie
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Page 279 and 280: Chapter 23FREQUENTLY ASKEDQUESTIONS
Page 281 and 282: summer, it absorbs the heat so that
Page 283 and 284: How much is the wind turbine?R The
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Page 287 and 288: What are composting toilets and how
Page 289 and 290: Chapter 25LOOKING BACKWeve lived in
Page 291 and 292: Chapter 25NATURAL LIVINGVISION OF T
Page 293 and 294: organic farmers have teamed up with
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Page 297 and 298: floor solar waterheating and passiv
Page 299 and 300: Back at home the sun provides the r
Page 301 and 302: Chapter 26NEXT STEPSI know this boo
Page 303 and 304: Chapter 27RESOURCESBreathe Architec
Page 305 and 306: IkeaBirch wood kitchen cabinetry.We
Page 307 and 308: Appendix AWARNING TO HUMANITYIssued
Page 309 and 310: ForestsTropical rain forests, as we
Page 311 and 312: WHAT WE MUST DOFive inextricably li
Page 313 and 314: A new ethic is required -- a new at
Page 315 and 316: The Global SituationThe dominant pa
Page 317 and 318: . Promote social and economic justi
Page 319 and 320: c. Ensure that information of vital
Page 321 and 322: f. Strengthen local communities, en
Page 323: Earth Charter principles with an in
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Page 333 and 334: Figure 4b: Two-story sunspace: wint
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Page 343 and 344: Figure 7:When designing a solar hom
Page 345 and 346: STEP 2: Recommended Insulation Valu
Page 347 and 348: Figure 9: Use this map to find your
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Page 351 and 352: walls with direct-gain windows abov
Page 353 and 354: BIBLIOGRAPHYVan der Ryn, the Toilet
Page 355 and 356: Berry, Thomas, THE GREAT WORK:OUR W
Page 357 and 358: connections, 15, 25, 49, 51, 53, 57
Page 359 and 360: health, 16, 39, 45, 48, 49, 54, 55,
Page 361 and 362: SScience, 113, 354sewage, 24, 40, 4
Page 363: Back Inside CoverJOHN WILSONis an a
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