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134 Promoting equityfor equity. But with little or no money for political contributions, the judicialvictory was unmatched with legislative ones. It has been left to the AffordableCare Act (2009) to guarantee non-discrimination in important areas like healthinsurance. In the past, women were charged more on the ostensibly reasonablegrounds that childbirth is expensive and that even healthy women seek healthcare more often than do men. However, eventually childbirth expenses wereno longer a major factor and men begin to accrue massive health care bills,in particular due to heart attacks — in part, of course, because they fail tovisit doctors more frequently — but under the existing private systems, rateswere rarely adjusted to reflect the shift in the cost of benefits.12.4 Title IXExperience with the insurance industry led to more awareness of other areasof sex discrimination and to work with the Women’s Equity Action League(WEAL), a lobbying organization concentrating primarily on economic issuesand working for the passage and implementation of Title IX, which makes illegala broad range of sex discrimination in education. The success of Americanwomen in sports is the most often cited result of Title IX, but the legislationalso led to about half of the country’s new doctors and lawyers being women,once professional school admission policies were revised. Statistics also playedan important role in Title IX advances (Gray, 1996). Cohen versus BrownUniversity (Cohen, 1993) established that women and men must be treatedequitably with regard to opportunities to participate in and expenditures forcollegiate sports, relying on our statistical evidence of disparities. My favoritecase, however, involved Temple University, where the sports director testifiedthat on road trips women athletes were housed three to a room and mentwo to a room because “women take up less space” (Haffer, 1982). As noted,anecdotal evidence is always useful. In another Philadelphia case a course inItalian was offered at Girls High as the “equal” of a calculus course at themales-only Central High. The US Supreme Court let stand a lower court decisionthat this segregation by sex was not unconstitutional, but girls wereadmitted to Central High when the practice was later found unconstitutionalunder Pennsylvania law (Vorchheimer, 1976).12.5 Human rightsThe Elizabeth Scott Award cites my work exposing discrimination and encouragingpolitical action, which in fact extends beyond work for women in