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536 Rise of the machinesAcknowledgementsI’d like to thank Aaditya Ramdas, Kathryn Roeder, Rob Tibshirani, RyanTibshirani, Isa Verdinelli, a referee and readers of my blog for reading a draftof this essay and providing helpful suggestions.ReferencesAzizyan, M., Singh, A., and Wasserman, L.A. (2013). Density-sensitive semisupervisedinference. The Annals of Statistics, 41:751–771.Chacón, J.E. (2012). Clusters and water flows: A novel approach to modalclustering through morse theory. arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.1384.Comaniciu, D. and Meer, P. (2002). Mean shift: A robust approach towardfeature space analysis. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEETransactions on,24:603–619.Friedman, J., Hastie, T., and Tibshirani, R.J. (2000). Additive logistic regression:A statistical view of boosting (with discussion). The Annals ofStatistics, 28:337–407.Fukunaga, K. and Hostetler, L.D. (1975). The estimation of the gradientof a density function, with applications in pattern recognition. IEEETransactions on Information Theory,21:32–40.Genovese, C.R., Perone-Pacifico, M., Verdinelli, I., and Wasserman, L.A.(2012). Manifold estimation and singular deconvolution under hausdorffloss. The Annals of Statistics, 40:941–963.Genovese, C.R., Perone-Pacifico, M., Verdinelli, I., and Wasserman, L.A.(2012). Minimax manifold estimation. Journal of Machine Learning Research,13:1263–1291.Genovese, C.R., Perone-Pacifico, M., Verdinelli, I., and Wasserman, L.A.(2012). Nonparametric ridge estimation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.5156.Irwin, M.C. (1980). Smooth Dynamical Systems. Academic Press, New York.Ozertem, U. and Erdogmus, D. (2011). Locally defined principal curves andsurfaces. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12:1249–1286.