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Continued from page 43 – Wide Range of Diseases Linked toPesticidesEndocrine DisruptionCommon household products –detergents, disinfectants,plastics, and pesticides– contain chemical ingredientsthat enter the body, disrupt hormones and cause adversedevelopmental, disease, and reproductive problems.Known as endocrine disruptors, these chemicals, whichinteract with the endocrine system, wreak havoc inhumans and wildlife. The endocrine system consists of aset of glands (thyroid, gonads, adrenal and pituitary) andthe hormones they produce (thyroxine, estrogen,testosterone and adrenaline), which help guide thedevelopment, growth, reproduction, and behavior ofanimals, including humans. Hormones are signalingmolecules, which travel through the bloodstream andelicit responses in other parts of the body.Endocrine disruptors function by: (i) Mimicking theaction of a naturally-produced hormone, such as estrogenor testosterone, thereby setting off similar chemicalreactions in the body; (ii) Blocking hormone receptors incells, thereby preventing the action of normal hormones;or (iii) Affecting the synthesis, transport, metabolismand excretion of hormones, thus altering theconcentrations of natural hormones. Endocrinedisruptors have been linked to attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson’s andAlzheimer’s diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease,obesity, early puberty, infertility and other reproductivedisorders, and childhood and adult cancers.More than 50 pesticide active ingredients have beenidentified as endocrine disruptors by the European Unionand endocrine disruptor expert Theo Colborn, PhD.Endocrine disruption is the mechanism for several healtheffect endpoints. See the related sections (Cancer,Developmental and Learning Disorders, Parkinson’sdisease, Reproductive Health) for more information.Reproductive Health EffectsA robust body of literature details reproductive effects infish, amphibians, and reptiles related to exposure toendocrine disruptors. Evidence of these effects has alsobeen seen in wild mammals such as polar bears and seals.Environmental exposure assessments and wildlife,laboratory and epidemiologic studies show exposure tolow-level environmental contaminants, such as pesticidesand other chemicals, subtly undermines the ability toreproduce. The study of endocrine disruption is revealingmechanisms that show how specific environmentalcontaminants can alter fertility. Laboratory animalexperiments have confirmed these wildlife findings.At publication, the database lists 22 studies linkingpesticides to reproductive health effects. These includedecreased fertility in both males and females,antiandrogenic (demasculinizing) effects, increased ratesof miscarriage, altered sex ratios and altered maturity. A2006 study published in the journal Epidemiology hasfound inverse associations between pesticides and maletestosterone levels. The study found that high levels of theurinary metabolites of chlorpyrifos (TCPY) and carbaryland naphthalene (1N) correlate directly with low levels oftestosterone in male subjects.16A number of epidemiological studies and animallaboratory experiments that show strong associations orlinkages between infertility rates and exposure topesticides support the conclusions of this study.View Beyond Pesticides’ full Pesticide-Induced DiseasesDatabase at www.beyondpesticides.org/healthSelected Citations1 Hayden KM, et al. 2010. Occupational exposure to pesticidesincreases the risk of incident AD. Neurology, May1;74(19):1524-30.2 Salam, MT, YF Li, B Langholz, and FD Gilliland. May 2004.Early-life environmental risk factors for asthma: Findings fromthe children’s health study. Environmental Health Perspectives112 (6): 760-765.3 Winchester, P., et al. 2009. Agrichemicals in surface waterand birth defects in the United States. Acta Paediatrica, 98(4). 4Nielsen, S.S., et al. 2010. Childhood brain tumors, residentialinsecticide exposure, and pesticide metabolism genes.Environmental Health Perspectives 118(1):144-149.Continued on page 4544-- Traditional African Clinic July 2013
Continued from page 44 - Wide Range of Diseases Linked toPesticides5 Teitelbaum, S.L., et al. 2007. Reported residential pesticideuse and breast cancer risk on Long Island, New York.American Journal of Epidemiology 165(6):643-651.6 Lowengart, R., et al. 1987. Childhood leukemia and parent’soccupational and home exposures. Journal of the NationalCancer Institute 79(1):39-46.7 Cantor, K.P. and Silberman, W. 1999. Mortality amongaerial pesticide applicators and flight instructors: Follow-upfrom 1965-1988. Am J Ind Medicine 36(2):239-47.8 Osburn, S. 2001. Research Report: Do Pesticides CauseLymphoma? Lymphoma Foundation of America. Anne Arbor,MI.9 Settimi, L., et al. 2003. Prostate cancer and exposure topesticides in agricultural settings. Int J Cancer 104(4):458-461.10 Leiss, J., et al. 1995. Home pesticide use and childhoodcancer: A case-control study. American Journal of PublicHealth 85:249-252.11 Perera, F. et al. 2009. Prenatal Airborne PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Child IQ at Age 5Years. Pediatrics, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-3506.12 Bouchard, M. et al. 2009. Attention-Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder and Urinary Metabolites of OrganophosphatePesticides. Pediatrics DOI:10.1542/peds.2009-3058.13 Roberts EM, et al. 2007. Maternal Residence NearAgricultural Pesticide Applications and Autism SpectrumDisorders among Children in the California Central Valley.Environmental Health Perspectives 115(10).14 Montgomery et al. 2008. Incident Diabetes and PesticideExposure among Licensed Pesticide Applicators: AgriculturalHealth Study, 1993–2003. American Journal of Epidemiology.167(10):1235-1246.15 Brown, T.P., et al. 2006. Pesticides and Parkinson’sdisease – Is there a link? Environmental Health Perspectives114(2):156-164.16 Meeker, JD, et al. 2006. Exposure to NonpersistentInsecticides and Male Reproductive Hormones. Epidemiology.17(1):61-68.http://www.beyondpesticides.org/health/pid-database.pdf☻☻☻☻☻Continued from page 31 - Soy-Based Lunch kills22 Children in India: Have GMOs and Pesticidesbecome Instant Killers?After learning about the school's mismanagement of thesituation, many parents began rioting in the streets anddemanding answers. Protesting villagers reportedly setablaze four police vehicles out of anger, and policereinforcements had to be sent in from elsewhere to quellthe unrest. In the aftermath of the disaster, Bihar hasoffered to provide compensation of 200,000 rupees, orabout $3,500, per dead child to affected families.All government food programs, including those in US,a threat to childrenThough this incident took place in one of India's poorestregions, where corruption is rampant, the moral of thestory is that this type of situation could happen anywhere.In the U.S., for instance, where the federal government iscurrently seizing control of school lunch programsnationwide, children are being fed some of the very samesoy- and chemical-laden garbage for lunch.Just last year, prisoners in Illinois actually filed a lawsuitagainst the state for serving them too much soy, whichwas causing them to become seriously ill. And a districtcourt judge has since acknowledged the merits of thecase, recognizing that high amount of soy, andparticularly GM soy, can lead to severe gastrointestinalproblems, hypothyroidism, infections, and even death."In the U.S., we allow Big Agra to provide insecticidelaced GMOs for our children everyday," wrote oneconcerned and insightful commenter on a piece publishedby The New York Times (NYT). "We have no idea howmuch damage this stuff is doing to our children or the restof the humans who are being slowly poisoned for thebenefit of high profits and obscenely paid CEOS.""At least the Indian government intends to prosecute theones who did this. We (in the U.S.) put them at the headof the FDA and give them complete immunity throughspecially drafted legislation. This is our shame and ourtragedy."Sources for this article include:http://www.independent.co.ukhttp://india.blogs.nytimes.comhttp://www.naturalnews.com/034800_prisoners_lawsuit_soy.htmlhttp://www.riseearth.com/2013/07/soy-based-lunch-kills-22-children-in.html☻☻☻☻☻“We are circumvented today by environments moredangerous than those which circumvented otherpeoples in any other age. We are face to face withenvironments in a civilization that is highlydeveloped; a civilization that is competing withitself for its own destruction; a civilization thatcannot last, because it has no spiritual foundation;a civilization that is vicious, crafty, dishonest,immoral, irreligious and corrupt.”Marcus Garvey45-- Traditional African Clinic July 2013
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