African Traditional Herbal Research ClinicVolume 8, Issue 6 NEWSLETTER July 2013FEATURED ARTICLESUproar over Killing of Rare BirdsBy Flavia LanyeroDaily Monitor, July 25, 2013Quelea birds fly over a rice field recently at the KibimbaRice Scheme in Bugiri District. PHOTO BY DAVIDAWORIIn SummaryMinistry of Tourism officials say the decision toindiscriminately spray the quelea birds with poisonhas negative impacts on both the environment <strong>and</strong>tourism.KampalaWhen the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry<strong>and</strong> Fisheries was on Monday faced with thechallenge of quelea birds eating rice at Kibimba RiceScheme, their immediate remedy was to kill them byspraying.This has spurred fury among bird lovers <strong>and</strong>conservationists who say this was not only a breach ofwildlife laws, but also endangering to other animalspecies not targeted by the spraying.In an interview with the Daily Monitor, the actingpublic relations officer, ministry of Tourism, Wildlife<strong>and</strong> Antiquities, Mr Akankwasah Barirega, said theministry is worried that other non-target species,especially pollinators like bees <strong>and</strong> butterflies, couldhave ended up dying which could pose a threat tofuture food production.“While we agree with the need to control the birdsfrom destroying crops <strong>and</strong> causing losses tofarmers, the unilateral action taken toindiscriminately spray poison without dueconsultation <strong>and</strong> or conducting any environmentalimpact assessment is not only in breach of theNational Environment Act Cap 153, but also hasserious ramifications for environment, tourism <strong>and</strong>hence national economy,” Mr Barirega said.1.8 Million KilledThe Ministry of Agriculture in partnership withthe Desert Locust Control Organisation of EastAfrica on Monday carried out a pest controlexercise at Kibimba Rice Sheme in Bugiri District,spraying dead about 1.8 million quelea birds thatwere destroying an estimated 15 tonnes of rice aday.Section 15 of the Ug<strong>and</strong>a Wildlife Act, Cap 200requires an environmental impact assessment forany activity likely to have significant impact onany wildlife species or <strong>com</strong>munity, <strong>and</strong> section 96of the National Environment Act criminalisesconducting such activities like aerial spray orintroducing new <strong>pesticides</strong> without conducting anenvironment impact assessment.The Ministry of Agriculture did not, however,conduct an environmental Impact assessmentbefore carrying out the aerial spray. Mr StephenByantwale, the Principal Agriculture Inspector inthe Ministry of Agriculture, said the exercise wasaimed at controlling more than 2 million queleabirds that had migrated into the county <strong>and</strong> werecausing destruction.Mr Acheles Byaruhanga, the executive director ofNature Ug<strong>and</strong>a <strong>and</strong> a bird’s researcher, said theoption of killing birds is an indication of poorplanning on the side of the Ministry of Agriculture<strong>and</strong> that it does not solve the problem.Continued on page 6464-- Traditional African Clinic July 2013
Continued from page 64 – Uproar over Killing of Rare BirdsMr Byaruhanga said the quelea birds are a native ofUg<strong>and</strong>a which breed in swampy areas <strong>and</strong> do not movein huge numbers of millions as agriculture officialsclaim.“First these birds’ habitats has been destroyed <strong>and</strong> theyneed to look for means of survival. Secondly these birdsfeed on cultivated crops during breeding seasonstherefore the Ministry of Agriculture should advicefarmers on when cultivation should be which should notbe during the birds’ breeding season to minimise loses,”Mr Byaruhanga said, adding that the poisonous spraycould easily find its way into the soil.Bird havenUg<strong>and</strong>a is globally known as the bird haven of Africa<strong>and</strong> birding is one of the biggest tourism products for thecountry. According to the Ministry of Tourism, Ug<strong>and</strong>agenerates more than $6 million annually from birdingtourism alone.Mr Barirega said other methods like mist trapping,scaring, aerial spray but after careful planning <strong>and</strong>following an environmental Impact assessment <strong>and</strong>spraying hot water without using poisonous chemicalscould have been deployed.http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uproar-overkilling-of-rare-bird/-/688334/1925534/-/kl41ay/-/index.html☻☻☻☻☻Honey Bees in Trouble?Blame Farm Chemicals,Study saysBy John RoachJuly 25, 2013NBS NewsHoney bees rented to out pollinate crops from apples towatermelons return to their hives with pollen containingan array of agricultural chemicals that make the insectsmore vulnerable to infection by a lethal parasite,according to a new study.While other research has shown certain <strong>pesticides</strong>,including <strong>insecticides</strong> known as neonicotinoids <strong>and</strong>others used to fight parasitic mites, can <strong>com</strong>promise beehealth, the new study shines a light on the impact ofsprays used to kill fungi <strong>and</strong> molds."Fungicides, which we didn't expect to harm insects,seem to have a sub-lethal effect on bee health," DennisvanEngelsdorp, an entomologist at the University ofMaryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> senior author of the new study, told NBCNews."And that is important, of course, because there is not alot of regulation for fungicides when they are beingapplied to flowering plants … so this suggests that weneed to rethink <strong>and</strong> reevaluate how we write label lawsfor some fungicides," he added.The study, published online Wednesday in the journalPLoS One, is the first to analyze the real-worldconditions honey bees encounter as they pollinate crops.The analysis revealed which flowering plants were thebees' main pollen sources <strong>and</strong> what agriculturalchemicals were <strong>com</strong>mingled with the pollen.On average, the pollen samples contained nine differentagricultural chemicals, including fungicides,<strong>insecticides</strong>, <strong>herbicides</strong> <strong>and</strong> miticides. Sub-lethal levelsof multiple agricultural chemicals were present in everysample. One contained 21 different <strong>pesticides</strong>.The most <strong>com</strong>mon <strong>pesticides</strong> were the fungicidechlorothalonil, which is used on apple <strong>and</strong> other crops,<strong>and</strong> the insecticide fluvalinate, which is used bybeekeepers to control Varroa mites, a honey bee pestthat a government backed study released earlier thisyear fingered as the leading cause of honey bee decline."Varroa mites are beekeepers number one problem <strong>and</strong>so the treating with miticides … is a little bit likechemotherapy; it is bad for the bees, we know it is badfor the bees, but we know that not treating is muchworse for the bees," vanEngelsdorp said.The researchers only found neonicotinoids, which otherstudies have shown to be toxic to pollinators, in honeybees that were pollinating apples, suggesting theinsecticide is just one part of a <strong>com</strong>plex problem.This chemical-laden pollen was fed to healthy bees,which were then tested for their ability to resistinfection with Nosema ceranae, a parasite of adulthoney bees that has been linked to the overall problemof honey bee decline.The biggest surprise, according to the researchers, isthat bees fed pollen containing the fungicidechlorothonatil were nearly three times more likely to beinfected by Nosema than bees that were not exposed tothese chemicals."It suggests that we really have to look broadly at<strong>pesticides</strong> <strong>and</strong> look at ways of reducing pesticideexposure, including fungicides," vanEngelsdorp said.The finding jives with earlier studies pointing tointeractions between various factors as a cause forContinued on page 6565-- Traditional African Clinic July 2013