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To be prepared for evacuations in this environment, transportationagencies must work with emergency management officials on evacuationplanning efforts. This coordination must occur during the planningphase since there will be little time to plan for a response in thelittle- or no-notice environment. Any type of incident resulting in anevacuation will both rely on and have an impact on the transportationsystem and resources of jurisdictions. Except for rare instances whencitizens are advised to shelter in place, affected populations may haveto be moved out of harm’s way to a safer location following a little- orno-notice incident. Whether this movement is done by foot, publictransportation, or via personal vehicles, the transportation infrastructurewill play a critical role during the evacuation. In addition, firstresponders must maintain the ability to respond to the incident and totransport the ill and injured to medical facilities; this capability reliesin large part on the availability of the transportation network. Regardlessof the reason for or scale of the evacuation, an effective evacuationdepends upon the capacity of the transportation network and thecooperation of transportation agencies’ management and staff.PURPOSEThe Routes to Effective Evacuation Planning Primer series seeks to improvetransportation officials’ knowledge and capabilities with regardto evacuation planning and execution. By using these Primers, transportationofficials and their staffs will be better prepared to participatewith other agencies in the evacuation planning process, will have aclearer understanding of their roles during an evacuation, and will beable to support an evacuation more effectively.This Primer provides ideas and considerations for transportationofficials that are applicable across the scale of little- or no-notice evacuationincidents. It addresses the use of the highway system duringevacuation operations following an incident that gives little to nowarning and that allows for no advance planning. It provides informationabout planning techniques, strategies, and tactics that will preparetransportation agencies and their jurisdictions to respond effectively byimplementing an evacuation on extremely short notice.The contents of this Primer are based on the findings from numerousstudies following major or catastrophic incidents where evacuationswere ordered. The Primer identifies transportation technologies avail-6 USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
able to aid evacuation planners and operations staff in their attempts tomake maximum use of the transportation network during emergencies.In addition, the Primer demonstrates ways to develop better evacuationplans through integration of transportation professionals in theprocess.This Primer takes an “all-hazards” approach to evacuation planning.The concepts identified in the Primer series are applicable when dealingwith both small and large evacuation incidents, regardless of the triggerthat prompts the evacuation. The Primer should be one of manyresources that officials use to build the best possible evacuation strategyfor their jurisdictions.INTENDED AUDIENCEThe information contained within this Primer is directed toward transportationofficials, first responders, and emergency managers who willplan and execute evacuation efforts. Transportation agencies will havean integral role during an evacuation by acting in a support capacity tothe comprehensive response coordinated by emergency managementagencies and executed by first responders. Transportation officials,first responders, and emergency managers will benefit from a betterunderstanding of what roles the transportation agencies, networks,and infrastructure can play during an evacuation. This understanding,combined with knowledge of particular transportation systems andresources, will enable officials to take a more proactive, participatoryrole during the planning process and to represent their agencies moreeffectively. The information in this Primer will also help transportationagencies’ staffs identify the issues and challenges they should addressduring both the planning process and the execution of an evacuation.Emergency management officials will also benefit from the informationin this Primer. As the lead officials in coordinating evacuationplanning and execution, emergency managers will rely in large part ontransportation networks and operating systems. By gaining a betterunderstanding of transportation-related issues, tools, and capabilities,emergency managers and their staffs will be able to better anticipate thebenefits transportation systems are able to provide during an evacuation,as well as the transportation-specific issues that will need to be re-USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS7
Page 2 and 3: NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
Page 4 and 5: Technical Report Documentation1. Re
Page 9: FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
Page 13: 1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
Page 17 and 18: NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer fo
Page 19 and 20: egularly. A general rule is to upda
Page 21: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 26 and 27: Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
Page 43: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 56 and 57: zones of the at-risk region are eva
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65:
establish a clear protocol which ag
Page 66 and 67:
n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 68 and 69:
lated strategies and tactics, demon
Page 70 and 71:
apidly synthesize information that
Page 72 and 73:
n Location and distribution of evac
Page 74 and 75:
Geographic information systems can
Page 76 and 77:
is-clearing capabilities among supp
Page 78 and 79:
the location of the incident and ho
Page 80 and 81:
TacticNo changes to normal roadway
Page 82 and 83:
DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
Page 84 and 85:
n Condition of transportation netwo
Page 86 and 87:
inquiries initiated from out of the
Page 88 and 89:
PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
Page 90 and 91:
During the planning process, each a
Page 93 and 94:
6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
Page 95 and 96:
Planning and preparedness phaseThis
Page 97 and 98:
How does the evacuation plan identi
Page 99 and 100:
What provisions should the evacuati
Page 101 and 102:
1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 103 and 104:
Activation phaseThis operational ph
Page 105 and 106:
3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 107 and 108:
What resources are needed to suppor
Page 109 and 110:
What contingency plans have been pr
Page 111 and 112:
Who needs to be notified to begin t
Page 113 and 114:
CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
Page 115 and 116:
USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
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