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zones of the at-risk region are evacuated sequentially to minimize trafficcongestion. Many people, due to an acute sense of personal risk,may not wait for their turn to evacuate even if it would be safer ormore effective for them to do so.In addition to self-evacuations, there are some portions of the at-riskpopulation who may refuse to evacuate at all, even after being orderedto do so. 6 A 2007 study, conducted by the Harvard University Schoolof Public Health among residents in high-risk hurricane areas, foundthat 31% of people surveyed may not evacuate even when told to doso. The reasons for not doing so were varied: belief that they wouldbe safe at home; desire to protect their property; uncertainty that theywill be able to travel safely; or a lack of confidence that they will beable to be sheltered elsewhere. Some portion of the at-risk populationmay procrastinate until it is unsafe to evacuate. People may judge thethreat to be less severe than it is, or may be worried that evacuatingposes more of a risk or inconvenience to them than staying in place.As the situation escalates, however, they may decide later to evacuate,even though it has become much more dangerous to do so. Theirdelayed attempts at evacuation may also place the first responders whoassist them in greater danger as well by prolonging their time in the atriskarea. Plans for evacuations that are deemed mandatory by officialswill need to incorporate a means of sweeping the affected area and ofenforcing the evacuation order.First responders and emergency personnel might also be affected behaviorallyby a no-notice incident. Responders’ private considerationsmay interfere with the performance of their duties. They may live inthe affected area and have family members, friends, and property theyfeel compelled to assist and protect. Their sense of personal duty andconcerns about personal matters may interfere with their ability tocarry out their professional responsibilities as part of the overall evacuationeffort.486For study overview information and links to data, seewww.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/2007-releases/press07242007.html.USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
There are many unique issues associated with no-notice incidents.These challenges must be considered before an incident occurs in orderto enable a response in the most effective manner. Section 5 providesplanning suggestions that can be used by evacuation personnel andtransportation officials to alleviate the unique challenges posed by a nonoticeincident and its resulting evacuation.USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS49
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NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
Page 4 and 5:
Technical Report Documentation1. Re
Page 9: FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
Page 15 and 16: able to aid evacuation planners and
Page 17 and 18: NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer fo
Page 19 and 20: egularly. A general rule is to upda
Page 21: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 26 and 27: Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
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Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65: establish a clear protocol which ag
Page 66 and 67: n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 68 and 69: lated strategies and tactics, demon
Page 70 and 71: apidly synthesize information that
Page 72 and 73: n Location and distribution of evac
Page 74 and 75: Geographic information systems can
Page 76 and 77: is-clearing capabilities among supp
Page 78 and 79: the location of the incident and ho
Page 80 and 81: TacticNo changes to normal roadway
Page 82 and 83: DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
Page 84 and 85: n Condition of transportation netwo
Page 86 and 87: inquiries initiated from out of the
Page 88 and 89: PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
Page 90 and 91: During the planning process, each a
Page 93 and 94: 6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
Page 95 and 96: Planning and preparedness phaseThis
Page 97 and 98: How does the evacuation plan identi
Page 99 and 100: What provisions should the evacuati
Page 101 and 102: 1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 103 and 104: Activation phaseThis operational ph
Page 105 and 106: 3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
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What resources are needed to suppor
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What contingency plans have been pr
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Who needs to be notified to begin t
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CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
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USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
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