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lated strategies and tactics, demonstrate the value of employing transportationsimulation modeling and geographical information systems,and secure the adoption of the use of these tools by emergency managementstaff and first responders. For transportation representativesto be most effective in the planning phases, they must be fully knowledgeableof the capabilities – infrastructure, operations, maintenance,information management, etc. – which the DOT and its contractorsbring to the table. Most importantly, the representative must have theauthority to commit the DOT resources to any plan and must be avocal, active partner in the process.OPERATIONSThe stakeholders identified in the evacuation plan, shown in Figure5.1, will each have a number of responsibilities and sets of activitiesto perform during an evacuation. These should be established as partof the overall plan development process to ensure that all aspects ofevacuation support are addressed adequately. Planners should makesure that the distribution of responsibilities is a logical one, given thediffering expertise, capabilities, and resources of an agency or organization.In a no-notice context, it is critical that each agency and organizationbe prepared to conduct its activities properly in order to effectivelysupport the overall evacuation effort. An agency needs to assess itsown resources and capabilities to make a realistic determination ofwhat it will be able to do during a no-notice incident. These capabilitiesoften vary according to time of day and other circumstances.Many transportation agencies, for example, have varying levels of staffon duty over a 24-hour cycle; during a low-staff period, a transportationagency may be much more limited in the level of support it canprovide. Some capabilities, particularly those involving specializedsystems, may need to be operated by staff with particular training orexpertise; if those people are unable to report to duty, those systemswill be unavailable for use. The assessment should also be sensitive tothe need for immediate activation and implementation in a no-noticescenario.Within a transportation agency, a range of technical specialists needsto be prepared to contribute to the operational aspects of an evacuation.Policies and procedures for activating these resources must be60 USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
established and staff must be trained on how their areas of expertise areapplicable to incident detection and incident response and recovery.Dedicating the right staff to supporting an emergency response is dependentupon their knowledge of roadway conditions and equipment,congestion and incident management technological deployments, andinformation system applications. They must also have the capacity toExecutiveGovernmentMediaEmergencyRespondersPrivateServicesProvidersEvacuationTransportationManagementEmergencyCare ProvidersTransportationProvidersCommunicationsProvidersPublic WorksAgenciesFigure 5.1. Stakeholders Involved in Evacuation.USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS61
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NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
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Technical Report Documentation1. Re
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FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
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1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
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able to aid evacuation planners and
Page 17 and 18: NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer fo
Page 19 and 20: egularly. A general rule is to upda
Page 21: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 26 and 27: Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
Page 43: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 56 and 57: zones of the at-risk region are eva
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65: establish a clear protocol which ag
Page 66 and 67: n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 70 and 71: apidly synthesize information that
Page 72 and 73: n Location and distribution of evac
Page 74 and 75: Geographic information systems can
Page 76 and 77: is-clearing capabilities among supp
Page 78 and 79: the location of the incident and ho
Page 80 and 81: TacticNo changes to normal roadway
Page 82 and 83: DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
Page 84 and 85: n Condition of transportation netwo
Page 86 and 87: inquiries initiated from out of the
Page 88 and 89: PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
Page 90 and 91: During the planning process, each a
Page 93 and 94: 6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
Page 95 and 96: Planning and preparedness phaseThis
Page 97 and 98: How does the evacuation plan identi
Page 99 and 100: What provisions should the evacuati
Page 101 and 102: 1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 103 and 104: Activation phaseThis operational ph
Page 105 and 106: 3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 107 and 108: What resources are needed to suppor
Page 109 and 110: What contingency plans have been pr
Page 111 and 112: Who needs to be notified to begin t
Page 113 and 114: CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
Page 115 and 116: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
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