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solved. They will also gain an understanding of how to leverage investmentsthat have already been made by transportation agencies (e.g.,Intelligent Transportation Systems [ITSs] and Transportation ManagementCenters [TMCs]) to manage and mitigate congestion, whichprovide almost-real-time information and communication exchanges.As those responsible for the execution of evacuations, first responderswill gain an understanding of the support that transportation operationsstaff and capabilities can provide. First responders in many majorurban areas are aware of the Department of Transportation (DOT)full-function service patrols 2 used for incident management, but maynot envision a role for them during evacuation operations. Servicepatrols, TMCs, and other transportation capabilities and assets can aidin making evacuations more efficient and safe, while helping safeguardfirefighters and police involved in moving people out of harm’s way.They can aid motorists who run out of gas or have mechanical problems,set up safety cones, provide information from traffic cameras,provide traveler information using the 511 system or dynamic messagesigns (DMSs) along the highway, and use traffic counters to monitortraffic flows on highways.Freeway Service Patrol tow drivers Jessie Galicia, Larry Miller, and Louis Ray pose with tools oftheir trade. (Photo: John Blaustein. Available at http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/transactions/ta04-0503/fsp.htm.)2Also known as service patrols and by other names in various jurisdictions.8USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer focuses on performing evacuation operations with little orno advance warning. Examples of incidents that might cause a nonoticeevacuation include a hazardous materials spill due to a vehicularor train accident, an explosion at a chemical plant, a terrorist attack onsome aspect of a jurisdiction’s infrastructure, a flashflood, or even anearthquake.Responses to an evacuation are organized by evacuation phases. Thefirst Primer in this series, Using Highways During Evacuation Operationsfor Events with Advance Notice, outlines the phases for an advancenotice evacuation: Readiness, Activation, Operations (two-tiered), andReturn-to-Readiness, as shown in Figure 1.2.1. Figure 1.2.2 illustratesthe operations cycle for a no-notice evacuation. While the phasesremain the same, for no-notice evacuations there is either a very limitedor a non-existent Readiness Phase.Figure 1.2.1. Phases of Advance-Notice Evacuation Operations.Figure 1.2.2. Phases of No-NoticeEvacuation Operations.A no-notice incident creates particularly challenging circumstances inwhich to carry out an evacuation. With an advance-notice evacuation,information becomes available during the Readiness Phase regardingthe incident that has occurred and the factors that may require anevacuation. Decision makers have time to collect the information theyUSING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS9
Page 2 and 3: NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
Page 4 and 5: Technical Report Documentation1. Re
Page 9: FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
Page 15: able to aid evacuation planners and
Page 19 and 20: egularly. A general rule is to upda
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Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 26 and 27: Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
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Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 56 and 57: zones of the at-risk region are eva
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65: establish a clear protocol which ag
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n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 68 and 69:
lated strategies and tactics, demon
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apidly synthesize information that
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n Location and distribution of evac
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Geographic information systems can
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is-clearing capabilities among supp
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the location of the incident and ho
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TacticNo changes to normal roadway
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DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
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n Condition of transportation netwo
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inquiries initiated from out of the
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PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
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During the planning process, each a
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6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
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Planning and preparedness phaseThis
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How does the evacuation plan identi
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What provisions should the evacuati
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1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
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Activation phaseThis operational ph
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3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
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What resources are needed to suppor
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What contingency plans have been pr
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Who needs to be notified to begin t
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CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
Page 115 and 116:
USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
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