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n Location and distribution of evacuees – How are residents, employees,and other people distributed within the at-risk area? Arethere concentrations of people in particular locations (such as largeemployment centers) that should be anticipated as part of the plan?What are the likely areas of traffic congestion that correspond to highpopulation densities?n Modes of transportation available to evacuees – How are evacueeslikely to travel during an evacuation? What number and what typesof private vehicles will probably be used during an evacuation, andtherefore contribute to traffic congestion? How are those vehiclesdistributed within the at-risk area? How many evacuees have personalcars available to them? Are there significant numbers of carowners who commute by transit and therefore may not have immediateaccess to their cars during the daytime? How many people arelikely to use alternative modes such as bicycles and walking during anevacuation?n Evacuees’ likely desired direction(s) of travel – In what directionswill significant numbers of evacuees want to travel during an evacuation?Where do people live and work in geographic relation tothe at-risk area, and in what directions will they likely try to travel?What are the aggregate numbers of evacuees by travel direction?n Mobility restrictions – What portion of the evacuees will facemobility challenges? Do a significant number have limited transportationoptions available to them? Are there many evacuees who willbe limited by factors such as lack of personal transportation, limitedfinancial resources, unfamiliarity with the area and its road network,and other challenges such as language barriers?n Special populations who may require specialized or additionalassistance – What population groups will need special assistanceduring an evacuation? What types of assistance will be required interms of expertise and specialized equipment? Will these peoplerequire specialized support at sheltering locations as well? How arethese population groups distributed within the at-risk area? Are thereparticular population concentrations or facilities for such people(such as hospitals, schools, and prisons) that deserve special attentionduring the planning process? 10 Figure 5.2 explores additional stepsfor evacuation of special needs populations in greater detail.10See “Evacuating Populations with Special Mobility Needs” from this Primer series for additionalinformation about special needs populations.64USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
Disability/Special NeedVisually impairedHearing impairedMobility impairedSingle working parentNon-English-speakingpersonsPeople without vehiclesPeople with specialdietary needsPeople with medicalconditionsPeople with mentalretardationPeople with dementiaAdditional StepsMay be extremely reluctant to leave familiar surroundingswhen the request for evacuation comes from astranger. A guide dog could become confused or disorientedin a disaster. People who are blind or partiallysighted may have to depend on others to lead them, aswell as their dogs, to safety during a disaster.May need to make special arrangements to receivewarnings.May need special assistance such as paratransit to getto a shelter.May need help to plan for disasters and emergenciesabout location and safety of a child.May need assistance planning for and responding toemergencies. Community and cultural groups may beable to help keep people informed.Need to have information about public transit routesand services, as well as other private sector transitservices.Should take special precautions to have an adequateemergency food supply.Should know the location and availability of more thanone facility if dependent on a dialysis machine or otherlife-sustaining equipment or treatment.May need help responding to emergencies and gettingto a shelter.Should be registered in the Alzheimer’s AssociationSafe Return Program.Figure 5.2. Special Needs Populations.Evacuation planners can use readily available demographic data to answermany of the questions posed here. Federal census data provide adetailed overview regarding population sizes and distribution, as well asother statistics such as income level, work location, and car ownership.Planners can also work with specialized organizations such as hospitals,medical associations, public service organizations, school districts, universities,and tourism bureaus to identify relevant population segments,their characteristics, and the types of assistance they will need.USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS65
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NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
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Technical Report Documentation1. Re
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FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
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1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
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able to aid evacuation planners and
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NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer fo
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egularly. A general rule is to upda
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Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 26 and 27: Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
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Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 56 and 57: zones of the at-risk region are eva
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65: establish a clear protocol which ag
Page 66 and 67: n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 68 and 69: lated strategies and tactics, demon
Page 70 and 71: apidly synthesize information that
Page 74 and 75: Geographic information systems can
Page 76 and 77: is-clearing capabilities among supp
Page 78 and 79: the location of the incident and ho
Page 80 and 81: TacticNo changes to normal roadway
Page 82 and 83: DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
Page 84 and 85: n Condition of transportation netwo
Page 86 and 87: inquiries initiated from out of the
Page 88 and 89: PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
Page 90 and 91: During the planning process, each a
Page 93 and 94: 6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
Page 95 and 96: Planning and preparedness phaseThis
Page 97 and 98: How does the evacuation plan identi
Page 99 and 100: What provisions should the evacuati
Page 101 and 102: 1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 103 and 104: Activation phaseThis operational ph
Page 105 and 106: 3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 107 and 108: What resources are needed to suppor
Page 109 and 110: What contingency plans have been pr
Page 111 and 112: Who needs to be notified to begin t
Page 113 and 114: CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
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