using highways for no-notice evacuations - FHWA Operations - U.S. ...

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Source: FEMA/Liz Roll.Source: NASA.Available at http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect4/Sect4_2.html.command structureA successful no-notice evacuation relies on an effective commandstructure that can be assembled quickly and efficiently. The commandstructure generates an effective overall response effort by establishing aframework within which the resources and activities of numerous responseagencies are coordinated. While the specific components of thecommand structure will vary among jurisdictions due to the involvementof different agencies, there are several overarching standards thatwill apply.National Incident Management System – NIMS was created in 2003by a Presidential Directive. It establishes a comprehensive, nationalapproach to incident management. Two key concepts of NIMS are:(1) that it provides a flexible framework for managing incidents; and(2) that it standardizes structures and requirements for responding toincidents. NIMS is applicable at all levels of government and acrossfunctional disciplines, including transportation.Incident Command System – ICS is part of one of the operationalcomponents of NIMS and provides a framework that allows numerousagencies and jurisdictions to work together in response to any typeof incident (all-hazards approach). While ICS operates on the basicprinciple that the majority of incidents are going to be handled at thelocal level, the ICS mold is flexible enough to provide a frameworkfor effectively responding to incidents that require a multi-agency ormulti-jurisdictional response.Regardless of how many agencies or jurisdictions are involved in anevacuation effort, the same guiding principles will be used for theresponse. Part of a successful evacuation plan will be the utilizationof ICS during an evacuation, which requires all relevant agencies andstakeholders to be familiar with and trained in ICS principles. Historically,transportation officials have less experience with ICS principlesthan emergency management officials; therefore, due to the integralrole transportation officials play during no-notice evacuations, everyeffort should be made to train them in ICS.18USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS
To increase transportation officials’ knowledge of ICS, FHWA createdthe Simplified Guide to the Incident Command System for TransportationProfessionals. This document, available on FHWA’s Web site, introducesICS to stakeholders who may be called upon to provide specific expertise,assistance, or material during highway incidents, but who maybe largely unfamiliar with ICS operations. It may also be beneficial topublic safety professionals familiar with ICS who may not fully understandhow ICS concepts are applicable to transportation agencies. Inaddition, FHWA will release a booklet that describes NIMS compliancefor transportation organizations. This will be posted on the ETOSpecial Interest Page (www.llis.gov and www.fhwa.dot.gov/opssecurity)by December 2007.identify stakeholdersPersonnel from numerous agencies will be involved in supporting anevacuation, and are likely to represent many disciplines, span differentjurisdictions and levels of government, and include private organizationsand companies. Effective evacuation planning requires a partnershipamong these stakeholders, shown in Figure 2.1, all of whomshould be involved in the planning process. Gathering together thesepartners and stakeholders is a critical part of developing an evacuationplan and is essential to considering all factors specific to an individualjurisdiction or region. This planning process should aid jurisdictionsin bringing the right partners – including the appropriate members ofthe transportation community – to the table.For more informationon NIMS,compliance requirements,andcourse offerings,please refer tothe Federal EmergencyManagementAgency’s(FEMA’s) NIMSIntegration CenterWeb site.http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/index.shtmEvacuation planning at the local, regional, and State levels shouldinvolve representatives of all departments and organizations that willhave a role in an evacuation. This includes transportation and transitorganizations including service patrols and other highway operationsand infrastructure staff, public schools, city planners, chambers ofcommerce, advocates for special needs populations, and adjacent jurisdictionsthat may be affected by an evacuation.USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONS19
Page 2 and 3: NoticeThe U.S. Department of Transp
Page 4 and 5: Technical Report Documentation1. Re
Page 9: FOREWORDEvacuations may involve hun
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTIONEvacuations occur for
Page 15 and 16: able to aid evacuation planners and
Page 17 and 18: NO-NOTICE EVACUATIONSThis Primer fo
Page 19 and 20: egularly. A general rule is to upda
Page 21: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 24 and 25: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTCENTERSTraffic Ma
Page 28 and 29: Incident CommanderPublic Informatio
Page 30 and 31: Category Description Location of Ro
Page 32 and 33: During an evacuation, EOC officials
Page 34 and 35: epresentatives should be dispatched
Page 37 and 38: 3 Explanation ofNo-Notice Incidents
Page 39 and 40: that would likely require a sizeabl
Page 41 and 42: n On-scene emergency responders may
Page 43: USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
Page 46 and 47: to assess the available information
Page 48 and 49: it accomplishes an evacuation’s m
Page 50 and 51: aftermath of an incident. The natur
Page 52 and 53: ture of the contaminant is known. P
Page 54 and 55: of the transportation network, such
Page 56 and 57: zones of the at-risk region are eva
Page 59 and 60: 5 PlanningPlanning considerations C
Page 62 and 63: ers include transportation planners
Page 64 and 65: establish a clear protocol which ag
Page 66 and 67: n Executive government - Mayor and
Page 68 and 69: lated strategies and tactics, demon
Page 70 and 71: apidly synthesize information that
Page 72 and 73: n Location and distribution of evac
Page 74 and 75: Geographic information systems can
Page 76 and 77:
is-clearing capabilities among supp
Page 78 and 79:
the location of the incident and ho
Page 80 and 81:
TacticNo changes to normal roadway
Page 82 and 83:
DESTINATIONS AND SHELTERINGEvacuati
Page 84 and 85:
n Condition of transportation netwo
Page 86 and 87:
inquiries initiated from out of the
Page 88 and 89:
PUBLIC EDUCATIONEmergency managemen
Page 90 and 91:
During the planning process, each a
Page 93 and 94:
6 Planning for for a No-NoticeaEvac
Page 95 and 96:
Planning and preparedness phaseThis
Page 97 and 98:
How does the evacuation plan identi
Page 99 and 100:
What provisions should the evacuati
Page 101 and 102:
1.6SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 103 and 104:
Activation phaseThis operational ph
Page 105 and 106:
3.4SHELTERING/DESTINATIONFor inform
Page 107 and 108:
What resources are needed to suppor
Page 109 and 110:
What contingency plans have been pr
Page 111 and 112:
Who needs to be notified to begin t
Page 113 and 114:
CONCLUSIONThis Primer presents guid
Page 115 and 116:
USING HIGHWAYS FOR NO-NOTICE EVACUA
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