emt-basic curriculum module 4

State of WisconsinEMT-Basic: A Practice BasedApproach to EMS EducationII.III.IV.(2) Can be palpated anywhere an arterysimultaneously passes near the skin surface andover a bone(3) Peripheral(a) Radial(b) Brachial(c) Posterior tibial(d) Dorsalis pedis(4) Central(a) Carotid(b) Femoralb) Blood Pressure(1) Systolic - the pressure exerted against the walls ofthe artery when the left ventricle contracts(2) Diastolic - the pressure exerted against the wallsof the artery when the left ventricle is at restCauses of cardiac compromise in adultsA. Overview1. Arteriosclorosis2. Risk factors-modifiable and unmodifiable3. Congenital defects4. Acute coronary syndromesB. Conditions causing cardiac emergencies1. Angina pectoris – chest pain that occurs when the heart muscledoes not get enough oxygenated blood2. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) – heart attack occurs whenthe heart muscle is without oxygen for an extended period oftime (ischemia), resulting in permanent damage (necrosis)3. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) – an imbalance in the heartsability to pump properly, resulting in a back up of fluids in eitherthe lungs, extremities, or bothC. Cardiogenic Shock - A state of profound depression of the vitalprocesses of the body, due to cardiac insufficiency, resulting ininadequate circulationCauses of cardiac emergencies in pediatricsA. Airway obstructionB. Respiratory arrestC. TraumaD. Congenital defectsCardiac Compromise - signs and symptoms may include some or all of thefollowing:A. Squeezing, dull pressure, chest pain commonly radiating down thearms or to the jawB. Sudden onset of sweating (this in and of itself is a significant finding)C. Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)D. Rapid and shallow breathingModule 4-30