CAGE PROCESSING in Animal Facilities - Felasa

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The process of cleaning the bottle caps should be considered with special care. Still common and often performedis random cap presentation in the crates. This set up affects particular the inside of the cap nozzle, whichis not completely flushed by the water jet. Furthermore the way of loading (random presentation) creates cavitiesand blind spots and therefore water and detergent residues could be diverted. A solution could be the useof special designed bottle cap crates (see chapter 4.3.1.3 loading systems).Below you will find common designs of bottle washers:• Washers with hoods open upwards for a three-sided opening• Washers with front doors (sliding or hinged doors)Bottle washers operate in wash cycle mode and they can be run with one or two doors (for example with apass-through section where dirty and clean side are physically separated). The hoods or doors can be openedmanually or automatically. These machines are usually combined with a preceding bottle emptying station withdecapping of bottles (manual, semi automatic, fully automatic) and succeeding refilling station with recappingof the bottles (manual, semi automatic, fully automatic) (please refer to chapter 4.2.2 und 4.4.2).Front viewEmptying stationBottle washerRefilling stationFig. 4-13: Bottle washer with hood and benchesFigure 4-13 Bottle washer with hood and benches4.3.1.2 Process steps of typical washing procedureLoading Pre-washing Washing Neutralising Rinsing Drying Unloading Final Final dryingLoading Pre-washing Washing Neutralising Rinsing Drying UnloadingdryingDuration of processDuration of processFigure 4-14 Necessary (orange) and optional (grey) steps of machine washingLoadingLoading means, in case of cabinet, cage, and rack washers, that the items to be washed are placed on a loadingtrolley and moved into the washing chamber. When using a tunnel washer, the items are placed on a belt.Some types of bottle washer – depending on the configuration - allow the loading of a whole crate with waterbottles through an automatic conveyer belt into the washing chamber (similar to tunnel washers) An optimalwashing and drying may require the following of certain loading rules.Pre-washingWhen cages are heavily soiled, a pre-washing may lead to a better cleaning result. Tunnel washers can includeso-called pre-washing zones. In cabinet washers and cage and rack washers the same result may beachieved with a special pre-washing module.20Cage Processing in Animal Facilities · 4th issue · 2013
WashingHot water mixed with detergent (alkaline, pH neutral, or acid) is sprayed from a tank via jets onto the itemsto be washed. In cage and rack washers the detergent solution (also called detergent liquor) is collected in atank beneath the chamber where it is pumped back into the washing tank. In cabinet and tunnel washers thewater is collected in the washing tank placed underneath, where it is recirculated. Thus, the items can be sprayedwith a high volume flow of water and detergent solution, making additional fresh water unnecessary duringthe washing phase.Where required, it is possible to perform a series of washings, with for example alkaline and acid detergents.Therefore the washer must be equipped with several washing-tanks. Usually, the washing water solution is largelyrecirculated for the following loads to reduce the water consumption as much as possible. Approximately4 - 7 percent of water is newly added.To reduce the amount of water needed to rinse off the items, it might be helpful in cabinet washers and cageand rack washers to wait for the detergent solution to drip off first.NeutralisingTo ensure there are no residues left, an item washed with alkaline detergents requires neutralisation. This canbe achieved either by an immediate neutralisation step prior to the rinsing process or trough using an acidrinse aid for the rinsing process. Neutralising is particularly important for polycarbonate (PC) cages in order toprevent the material from being damaged by alkaline residues in the steam sterilisation process.RinsingResidual detergent is removed with clear hot water that is sprayed via jets on the washer load. A rinse aid(also acid rinser for neutralisation) can be added. To avoid lime scale or salt deposits it is recommended touse demineralised water. Polysulfone (PSU) requires material-specific rinse aids.Detergent solution should not be mixed with rinsing water.DryingThe purpose of the drying process is to dry the items to an acceptable residual moisture.With suitable rinse aids, added during the rinsing process, the items can dry faster after being removed fromthe chamber.In tunnel washers, the items are usually dried in a drying zone with hot air. This is a continuous process. Theresulting vapours should be exhausted through integrated extraction hoods at the entry and exit area of thetunnel as well as in the rinsing zone. This central exhaust process can be combined with a heat recovery.With cage and rack washers, hot-air can be used for the drying process. The aeration of the chamber removesthe residual moisture from the load. In wash cycle-type machines, the drying can further be enhanced by feedingclean steam into the chamber.For bottle washers, added rinse aid or a subsequent hot-air drying is not necessary, as, usually after washing,water bottles are refilled with drinking water.UnloadingUnloading in case of cabinet, rack, and bottle washers means that the loading trolleys or racks are removedfrom the chamber and cleared of the items. In case of tunnel washers (or if applicable of semi- or fully automaticbottle washer), of course, the belt is cleared. While unloading, a final drying outside the machine begins.Final drying outside the machineStored heat in the washed items helps potential residual moisture to evaporate (drying by specific heat). Thisrequires a sufficient heating of the items while being rinsed or dried inside the machine. Where necessary, provisionsshould be made to prevent the operating staff from getting burnt by the specific material heat (e.g. settingup a final drying zone with warning notices; defining a minimum cooling time for a safe handling of items).Cage Processing in Animal Facilities · 4th issue · 2013 21
Page 1 and 2: CAGE PROCESSINGin Animal Facilities
Page 3 and 4: CAGE PROCESSINGin Animal Facilities
Page 5 and 6: Index1 Introduction ...............
Page 7 and 8: 7.1 Requirements ..................
Page 9 and 10: 2 Cage processing cyclesThe followi
Page 11 and 12: 3.2 Materials for processingWhen de
Page 13 and 14: • They should be easy and conveni
Page 15 and 16: • Height-adjustable shelves ensur
Page 17 and 18: Table 4-2Option Advantages Disadvan
Page 19 and 20: Below you will find a description o
Page 21: Figure 4-10 Tunnel cage washer4.3.1
Page 25 and 26: Loading systemsIn cabinet cage wash
Page 27 and 28: 4.3.2.1.3 Rinse aidRinse aids shoul
Page 29 and 30: Semiautomaticdispensing*bedding is
Page 31 and 32: Semi-automaticsystemsmultiple filli
Page 33 and 34: PermissionsWith frequent changes in
Page 35 and 36: 4.6.2.1 Basic lock types for H 2O 2
Page 37 and 38: configurations can thus require ind
Page 39 and 40: 4.6.3.2 Processual requirementsPAA
Page 41 and 42: Lead mg/l -heavy metal residues (ex
Page 43 and 44: For reasons of odour, exhaust air o
Page 45 and 46: 5.6 Installation data and consumpti
Page 47 and 48: 6.2 Start up of operationIt is part
Page 49 and 50: 6.9 Routine checks and measuresThe
Page 51 and 52: 7.2.1.1.2 Test setup1 inside at the
Page 53 and 54: 7.2.2 Test procedures for evaluatin
Page 55 and 56: surfaces stay soil free. For an eve
Page 57 and 58: 7.4 Test procedure for confirming t
Page 59 and 60: Table 7-6WasherItems for processing
Page 61 and 62: with rinse aid, for example, can be
Page 63 and 64: 9 Potential defects and damages in
Page 65 and 66: Table 9-3Source and causesStress /
Page 67 and 68: Table 9-6Sources and causesWashing
Page 69 and 70: DIN 1986:Technical Rules for Drinki
Page 71 and 72: Detergent liquor / detergent soluti
Page 73 and 74:
ProcessingProcessing means washing,
Page 75 and 76:
Final provisions:1. This brochure d
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