National Human Development Report: 2001 - Indira Gandhi Institute ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2001 SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING 103— the national pulse polioBuilding Synergies in Public Action for Addressing Disabilitycampaign in the more recent years— eradication of leprosy, blindnessThere are more than half a dozen Government Departments, which are directlycontrol and treatment of cataractengaged in addressing the problem of disability in India. A coordinated approachhave all contributed towardsto build synergies across the various interventions could substantially improveaddressing the visual and loco-motorthe effectiveness of public action in this area. Some of the public programmes ondisabilities, particularly in theaddressing disability issues are described here.working age group population. TheHealth & Family Welfarecoverage and reach of health care• Child immunisation programmes;system is, however, a serious• Leprosy eradication programme;constraint on addressing the• Blindness control programme and curative treatment of cataracts;problem of disability in the country,Department of Educationespecially, in rural areas. More• Integrated education for disabled in special schools;importantly, a critical element of• Teachers training programmes for persons with disabilities;public and social intervention,• Provision of books, uniforms and other materials to school going disabled;namely, physical and social rehabilitationprogrammes for disabledMinistry of Labour• Vocational rehabilitation centres for the disabled;suffers on account of inadequate• Training for promotion of employment of disabled;resources, lack of integration withMinistry of Urban Developmentmedical and other treatment and• Model norms and space standards for barrier-free in-built environment;often also from social insensitivity.Ministry of Rural DevelopmentThe enactment of ‘The Persons• Reservation of 2-3 per cent benefits in all poverty alleviation schemes for thewith Disabilities (Equal Opportunities,Protection of Rights and Fulldisabled and for improving their environment by building barrier freeinfrastructure;Participation) Act 1995’ whichDepartment of Personnel & Trainingcame into effect in 1996 and the• Implementation of 3 per cent reservation of Government jobs for disabled;Rehabilitation Council of IndiaDepartment of Women and Child Development(RCI) Act 1992 provide the basic• Training of Angadwadi workers and ANM for early detection and timelypolicy framework for addressing theprevention of disabilities;issue of disability. The 1995 ActMinistry of Social Justice & Empowermentdefines the responsibilities of the• Monitoring implementation of Persons with Disability Act 1995;Central and State Governments• National programme for rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in States;with regard to the publicly provided• Setting up composite resource centres, rehabilitation centres and nationalservices for the disabled persons.trust for persons with various disabilities, viz. Spinal Injuries, Autism,The Governments are expected toCerebral Palsy, etc.ensure that every child withdisability has access to free andadequate education till the age of 18. It also requires setting up of integratededucation and special schools to meet the educational needs of children withdisabilities. The RCI Act regulates the manpower development programmesin the field of education and skill formation for children with special needs.Law and Order, Crime andViolence Against WomenNature and MagnitudeIt has always been recognised that rule of law and a social order basedon principles of non-discrimination and equal opportunity is a critical
104SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEINGNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2001determinant in building andLegislative Framework for Addressing Disabilitysustaining social systems, in general,and economic prosperity, inThe Persons with Disabilities Act 1995 seeks to, inter alia, achieve the followingparticular. In more recent times,objectives.societies that have given equal• To spell out the responsibility of the State towards the prevention ofaccess to women and men indisabilities, protection of rights of persons with disabilities and medical care,availing social, economic andeducation, training, employment and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities;political opportunities have• To create, barrier free environment for persons with disabilities;generally progressed much faster• To remove any discrimination of persons with disabilities in sharing ofthan those where these have beendevelopment benefits, vis-à-vis, non-disabled persons and to counteract anydenied or deferred. Societies, wheresituation of the abuse and the exploitation of persons with disability;property rights are unambiguous,• To lay down a framework for comprehensive development of strategies,enforced in a transparent, nondiscriminatoryand efficient mannerprogrammes and service for equalisation of opportunities for disabled and tomake special provisions for their integration into the social mainstream; andand where the incidence of crime• To provide for better protection of rights of persons with disabilities and forand violence is minimal — more sotheir social security and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.against vulnerable social groups orsegments of population includingThe major features of the Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992 are:women — are places where the• To regulate the training policies and programmes in the field ofindividual and collective social wellbeingis best realised. Any attempt,rehabilitation of people with disabilities and bring about standardisation oftraining courses for rehabilitation professionals/personnel dealing withtherefore, at assessing the level ofpeople with disabilities;development, even when the• To prescribe minimum standards of education and training institutions in theconventional and the humanfield of rehabilitation, and their regulation, uniformly throughout the country;development indicators are• To recognise institutions/universities running degree/diploma/certificateimpressive, cannot be completecourses in the field of rehabilitation of the disabled, including foreignunless an assessment is also made ofinstitutions on a reciprocal basis;the social environment, particularly• To maintain a Central Rehabilitation Register of persons possessingwith regard to the extent of crimerecognised rehabilitation qualification;and violence that an average• To collect information on regular basis, on education and training in theindividual faces in that society. It isfield of rehabilitation of people with disabilities from institutions in Indiaall the more important as it has beenand abroad; andoften seen that the more prosperous• To encourage continuing rehabilitation education by way of collaboration withor developed regions are notorganisations working in the field or rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.necessarily the safest for all segmentsof population. In India too, the moreprosperous places are the ones where incidence of crime, in some form, isperhaps the highest — where organised crime and extortion is anunfortunate reality. However, the data on crime and violence is generally notavailable easily and at least could not be marshaled, in the desired format, forthis Report. Nonetheless, it was felt that some crucial aspects of the issueshould be highlighted in a report on the human development in the country.The gender specific crime and violence directed at women and the role ofeffective and efficient governance (Chapter 7) in well-being of people aresome of the important aspects that have been considered in this Report.The nature and the extent of violence directed at women vary accordingto class, region, culture and the strata of the society across the country.However, it impacts women in all age groups and is deeply embedded withinthe family context of the women. The women are often subjected to violencefrom their husbands and from relatives in their natal as well as maritalhomes. The violence against women includes not only physical aggressionbut sexual, psychological and emotional abuse as well, all of which may not
Page 1 and 2:
indiaLong years ago we made a tryst
Page 3 and 4:
NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2
Page 5 and 6:
iiFOREWORDNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
Page 7 and 8:
ivCONTENTSNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
Page 9 and 10:
2OVERVIEW NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
Page 11 and 12:
4OVERVIEWNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Page 13 and 14:
6OVERVIEWNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Page 15 and 16:
8STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NATIONA
Page 17 and 18:
10STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTNATIONA
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
32ECONOMIC ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-BEI
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
48EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-
Page 57 and 58:
50EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-
Page 59 and 60: 52EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-
Page 71 and 72: 64HEALTH ATTAINMENTS & DEMOGRAPHIC
Page 97 and 98: 90SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING
Page 99 and 100: 92SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEINGN
Page 109: 102SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING
Page 121 and 122: 114GOVERNANCE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Page 139 and 140: 132TECHNICAL APPENDIXNATIONAL HUMAN
Page 141 and 142: 134BIBLIOGRAPHYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVEL
Page 143 and 144: 136BIBLIOGRAPHYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVEL
Page 145 and 146: 138GLOSSARYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPME
Page 147 and 148: 140THE STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTNA
Page 153 and 154: 146INDICATORS ON ECONOMIC ATTAINMEN
Page 161 and 162:
154INDICATORS ON ECONOMIC ATTAINMEN
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
show all

National Human Development Report: 2001 - Indira Gandhi Institute ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?