National Human Development Report: 2001 - Indira Gandhi Institute ...

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NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2001 113CHAPTER 7Governancefor HumanDevelopmentBackground 114Conceptualising Governance —An Alternative Framework 118The Agenda Ahead 124PHOTO CREDIT • SANJAY NANDA
114GOVERNANCE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2001Governance for human development relates to the managementof all such processes that, in any society, define theenvironment which permits and enables individuals to raise theircapability levels, on one hand, and provide opportunities to realisetheir potential and enlarge the set of available choices, on the other.These processes, covering the political, social and economic aspectsof life impact every level of human enterprise, be it the individual,the household, the village, the region or even the nation as a whole.It covers the state, the civil society and the market, each of whichis critical for sustaining human development. The state isresponsible for creating a conducive political, legal and economicenvironment for building individual capabilities and encouragingprivate initiative. The market is expected to create opportunities forpeople. The civil society facilitates the mobilisation of publicopinion and peoples’ participation in economic, social and politicalactivities for sustaining an efficient and productive social order. Inorder that these processes lead towards the desired social ends,governance requires the exercise of legitimate political power, by thedesignated bodies, in a manner that is perceived as equitable, nondiscriminatory,socially sensitive, participatory, and above allaccountable to the people at large. While these are generic,universally relevant and accepted features of good governance, thereare always aspects of governance that arecontextually driven, geared to address thelocal concerns and reflect the aspirationsof the people. In some sense then, theprocess of governance is, perhaps, uniqueto every society.In recent times, the issue ofgovernance has emerged at the forefrontof the agenda for sustainable humandevelopment. A development that, whilebeing sustainable in terms of resourcesover generations and across spacerecognises, the legitimate claim of eachperson in a society to be an active and aproductive participant in thedevelopment process. Augmentation in acountry’s resources and its material meansis but one of the essential steps towards
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indiaLong years ago we made a tryst
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NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2
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iiFOREWORDNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
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ivCONTENTSNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
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2OVERVIEW NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
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4OVERVIEWNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
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6OVERVIEWNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
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8STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NATIONA
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10STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTNATIONA
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32ECONOMIC ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-BEI
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48EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-
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Page 69 and 70: 62EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS AND WELL-
Page 71 and 72: 64HEALTH ATTAINMENTS & DEMOGRAPHIC
Page 97 and 98: 90SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING
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Page 119: 112SOME OTHER ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING
Page 123 and 124: 116GOVERNANCE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Page 139 and 140: 132TECHNICAL APPENDIXNATIONAL HUMAN
Page 141 and 142: 134BIBLIOGRAPHYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVEL
Page 143 and 144: 136BIBLIOGRAPHYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVEL
Page 145 and 146: 138GLOSSARYNATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPME
Page 147 and 148: 140THE STATE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTNA
Page 153 and 154: 146INDICATORS ON ECONOMIC ATTAINMEN
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