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SUSTAINABILITY REPORTThe percentage of sulphur oxide in total emissions grew in 2001–2002due to the launch of production at a number of deposits with highhydrogen sulphide content in casinghead gases. One additional reasonfor the growth in sulphur oxide emissions is that the Company wasjoined by OAO LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez, which produces oilwith high sulphur content (up to 1.6% by mass).In distributing petroleum products, the Company actively installs toolsfor preventing and reducing pollutant emissions in tank farms and loading/unloadingsystems at terminals and petrol stations. New petrol stations,as well as stations that are being renovated, are equipped withvapour retention devices that return petrol vapours from the storagetank to the mobile tank during unloading. In addition, petrol stations arebeing upgraded with a system to prevent overfilling and with devicesthat automatically shut down the flow of fuel when the tank is full. TheCompany's terminals are regularly reconstructed and equipped withautomated control systems.Discharges into surface watersThe Company's environmental impact is not accurately described byeither the quantitative characteristics of the volume of discharged producedwater or the volume of insufficiently treated produced water.There are several reasons for this discrepancy. The purification unitsof many enterprises accept waste water produced by neighbouringcommunities with the result that the share of industrial water in thetotal volume of discharge is rather small. In addition, in some regionsthe surface water used by the Company has levels of certain componentsthat are already above the maximum permissible in wastewater. Finally, various approaches to keeping track of storm waterrunoff have been used over the years. The LUKOIL Group80