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ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY, AND HEALTHprogramme "Staff Response to Industrial Accidents" have been preparedfor this system.Prevention and minimization of the environmental impactof industrial accidentsSeveral factors are responsible for the lower volume of oil and oilproducts spilled following a peak in 2002 18 even while the number ofindustrial accidents with environmental damage remains approximatelyconstant. The majority of industrial accidents and incidents(situations where an accident might have happened) are associatedwith oil spills from pipeline leakage. Measures taken by the Companyto locate and respond to emergency spills faster have resultedin a 2.5 time reduction in the volume of spilled oil. Accordingly, lessthan 2% of emergency situations cause negative consequences forthe environment.One of the main reasons for the increased number of accidents is theaging of pipeline systems along with a simultaneous increasein aggressive corrosion by the liquids pumped because of a higherwater content in the oil. In addition, a significant percentage of leakagesis caused by mechanical damage to pipelines by outside organisationsand individuals, particularly during unauthorized intrusions.Recovery costs in such cases are paid by the culprits if they can beidentified.18In addition to other factors, this peak was caused by an unauthorized intrusion into thepipeline of OOO LUKOIL-Permnefteproduct discovered on April 23, 2002, which resultedin the spillage of 120 tons of petroleum products (see: "Object in focus: Petroleumspill clean-up in the vicinity of Yugo-Kamsk villages, Perm Oblast").87