Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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Thanks are due to the Research and Publications Committee of the Schoolof Oriental and African Studies for sponsoring the first, experimentaledition of this book, to Simon Bell of Routledge for bringing it to fullfruition, to Professor Reuven Tzur of Tel Aviv University for his wizardrywith the Hebrew Mac and to my students at the universities of Londonand Chicago, perforce anonymous, for being such magnificent guinea-pigsin the evolution of an idea.Preface London 1993/5753About the third editionThis third edition is a response to the comments and suggestions of themany teachers and students who have used this book over the past tenyears. Mindful in particular of the needs of intermediate students, I haveintroduced several new points of syntax and expanded the coverage ofnoun, verb, and adjective morphology and their semantics, as well as theexercises to match. Thanks are due to the reviewers for their valuableadvice and criticisms, and above all to Routledge for their unstintingcommitment to the teaching of the Hebrew language around the globe.Yishar kocham.Lewis GlinertDartmouth College, USA2003/5764xv
GlossaryxviAction nouns indicate an action: destruction, dancing, development.Actives are the forms of the verbs that indicate ‘doing an action’: hegrabbed.Adjectives are words that describe: a bad boy, the eggs are bad.Adverbials are any word, phrase or clause that tells us how, when, where,or why: he stopped suddenly, he stopped after the lights, he stopped toscratch his nose.Adverbs are any one-word adverbial: he sings loudly, he always knows.Agreement shows that a word hangs together with a particular noun – theword may agree in number and gender (sometimes even in person)with that noun: times are changing (not: is changing).Bases are the basic uninflected forms, before the addition of inflectionalprefixes and endings. Thus the bases of kibbutzim and madricha arekibbutz and madrich.Binyan: a verb pattern. There are seven binyanim, allowing one to build avariety of verbs from a single root.Clauses are sentences nested inside the larger sentence: he thinks you’recrazy.Comparatives denote more, most, as (e.g. easy as) and the like.Construct phrases are two Hebrew words side by side (usually two nounsand usually a set phrase), much like English soccer game, apple tree.The first noun in the Hebrew is called ‘the construct noun’ and oftendisplays a special construct ending.Definite article: the word ‘the’.Degree words are a special sort of adverb, indicating degree: very cold,somewhat strange, more slowly, I quite agree.Demonstratives single out: this tape, that disk, such ideas (demonstrativedeterminers), give me this, what’s that (demonstrative pronouns).
Page 2 and 3: Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
Page 4 and 5: Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
Page 6 and 7: ContentsPrefaceGlossaryHebrew gramm
Page 8 and 9: 20 The present tense 35(a) Form of
Page 11 and 12: Contents ‘grow’ 10458 PA’AL
Page 13 and 14: Contents91-6 Adverbials91 Adverbs o
Page 15: PrefaceThus the exercises in this b
Page 19: GlossaryPrefixes are bits prefixed
Page 22: Level One
Page 25 and 26: Level OneFem. sing. Our Sara is t
Page 27 and 28: Level OneThe feminine plural pronou
Page 29 and 30: Level OneThere are some exceptions:
Page 31 and 32: Level OneWhen the vowel a becomes t
Page 33 and 34: Level One ~ evening ~ part ~ r
Page 35 and 36: Level OneExample: ‘good’Fem. s
Page 37 and 38: Level OneFurther examples: right
Page 39 and 40: Level OneA few quantity words follo
Page 41 and 42: Level One an empty tank an empty
Page 43 and 44: Level OneMasc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc.
Page 45 and 46: Level OneMasculine numerals 1-10 '
Page 47 and 48: Level One1 For ‘21, 31’, etc.
Page 49 and 50: Level Onec Adjectives without their
Page 51 and 52: Level OneThe full list is as follow
Page 53 and 54: Level OneFor words that already hav
Page 55 and 56: Level One19 The past tensea Form of
Page 57 and 58: Level OneAnd using the verb ‘get
Page 59 and 60: Level OneIn practice, confusion bet
Page 61 and 62: Level One take! run! put! get d
Page 63 and 64: Level OneThere is a variety of such
Page 65 and 66: Level One6 For an ADJECTIVE there i
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Level OneNotes:1 The suffixes consi
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Level OneNote: The traditional name
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Level OneNotes:1 In the past tense,
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Level OnePresent The vowel in
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Level One30-2 THE PASSIVE BINYANIM:
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Level OneNotes:1 Some omit the lett
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Level OnePU’AL, like the other pa
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Level One Take the meat Take the
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Level Onea Preposition + suffix: ,
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Level Oned Preposition + suffix:
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Level OneAdjustment (b)If the next
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Level One37L Ñ ‘there is, there
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Level One39 Questionsa Questions of
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Level OneBy contrast,rather than a
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Level OneIn fact, Hebrew commonly h
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Level One48 Adverbial clauses: Ìk
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Level OneFor hypothetical ‘like
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50-9 SPECIAL ROOT-TYPES ' rootsMany
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2 In most cases where there is no s
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Future , , , , , ,Roots with
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* This particular form needs no adj
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4 A peculiar adjustment, more commo
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a Usually soft , , directly followi
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Most such roots repeat the same two
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For example, ‘sit’: ' rootsPa
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Further examples:Maverickverbs
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5 ‘walk up to’, another law u
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has the infinitive infinitive for
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a verbs verbs behave just like oth
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Future , , , , , , ,Infinitive
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59 A minor binyan: the PO’EL and
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Examples:More pluralsof nouns ears
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Many nouns ending in take the end
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e i and a i apply to some twenty
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" action nouns (recall 50) insert
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The noun pattern PA’ALAN (verbs o
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4 : commonly denotes a location
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13 The suffix : simply an object
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law (cf. legislate) garden (cf.
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Where the noun ends in , this may o
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(a)(b)(c) ‘legible’ ( ‘rea
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Similarly, many adjectives of the
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With singular nounsWe first illustr
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1 To describe someone’s or someth
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a The / type (initial )Constructseg
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1 Construct of : : Similarl
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, , , , , , , , ,Definitenum
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80 Ordinals: ‘first, second, thir
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does not mean ‘I was getting up (
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83 The object suffix:Òî³ Òîò
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A third phenomenon, involving many
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d ‘the more that . . ., the more
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(1a)(1b) automatically (in a
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94ó ÒîÔí ,íÖòÖL Ôí ‘to
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98 Where to position ó Ôè and š
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But used by themselves, the negativ
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102 Wishes and requests‘Either .
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This amounts to saying ‘the man t
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a Inverting subject and verb1 Where
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? , This cab, who ordered it?
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Exercises
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Exercises4 The definite article1 Th
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Exercises7e Feminine denoting peopl
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Exercises13c Particles of being1 Ra
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Exercises16d Numerals without their
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Exercises21 The future tense21a For
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Exercises26 Two-syllable and one-sy
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Exercises7 Ariela, ask to hear the
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Exercises31 Binyan HUF’AL1 Using
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Exercises35 Preposition + suffix35a
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Exercises35e Preposition + suffix:
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Exercises43 Adverbs of time and pla
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Exercises4 It is possible that they
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Exercises2 and: ‘he decided’,
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Exercises53 Four-consonant rootsUsi
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Exercises56d ,1 He had to go to a
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Exercisesand the future tense:. . .
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Exercises65 Nouns from adjectivesFo
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Exercises9 On what words are the fo
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Exercises73 The construct as a poss
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Exercises78 Preposition + suffix:Ò
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Exercises87-90 COMPARATIVES87 Compa
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Exercises95í Ö of destination, e.
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Exercises102 Wishes and requests1 I
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Exercises106b Starting with the obj
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about (= concerning) about (= appr
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abybaby carriagebaby girlbaby sitte
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ainwavebreadto breakto break out (w
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in chargecharityChavaChayacheapchec
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court (of law)courtyardcousincowcra
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DovdownstairsDrdrag noundressdresse
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to fall in love withfamilyfantastic
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a fruitfunfurniture() Vocabularyf
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(for) heaven’s sake heavy Hebre
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invalidto inviteironto ironironingI
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(at) leastto leave (= quit)to leave
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to meanmeaningmeanwhilemeatmeatymed
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newsnewspaper(the) nextnext tonicen
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parentspark nounto park intrans.par
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prayer-bookprayer-shawlto preferpre
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ight (opp. of left)to be rightright
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sheetshelfshelterShimonshirtshivaSh
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sourSouthsouthernsparklingto speaks
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to talk totalltank (weapon)tape-rec
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traffic-lighttraytreatmenttreetribe
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weirdwellwell done!Westernwetwhat?w
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Key to exercises
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Key toexercises6 , , , ,
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Key toexercises11? 5 4 3 2 ?
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Key toexercises15 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises1919a ` 11 10 9 8 7
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Key toexercises 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Key toexercises301 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Key toexercises 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises38 2 . 1 4 ?
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Key toexercises48? 2 . , 1
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5151b `,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,51d `1-,-,-,
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Key toexercises56b ` 3 . 2 . ,
Page 307 and 308:
Key toexercises6060a ` 4 3 2
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Key toexercises67 , , , , 1 , , , ,
Page 311 and 312:
Key toexercises73 2 . 1. 4
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Key toexercises82 2 . 1 4 .
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Key toexercises91. , 2 .
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Key toexercises100 3 ? . 2 .
Page 319 and 320:
Key toexercises106106a `. ,
Page 321:
Index300lamed-alef 58(d)lamed-he 50
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Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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