Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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Notes:BinyanPA’AL1 The vowel in the 1st person ( ) is odd one out: not i but e.(Putting it technically, ‘lowers’ the vowel that goes with it.)2 In this and other binyanim, except HIF’IL, stress is shifted onto thesuffix, if any, and as a result the vowel losing the stress is relegated toa brief e or lost, thus:tichnosi tichn e si,tichnosu tichn e su3 When the first root consonant is , , , it will be soft rather thanhard, i.e. it will be ‘v, ch, f’. This is the result of a general rule: withcertain exceptions , , are soft after a vowel and otherwise hard.InfinitiveImperative masc. sing. fem. sing. pl. Notes:1 The infinitive prefix here is usually .2 A general rule for virtually the entire verb system is that the future, theinfinitive and the imperative share the same vowel pattern, thus:! ~ ~ ,! ~ ~ .Action nounb One-syllable PA’AL, e.g. ‘get up’ ‘get up’) are just aStrictly speaking, ONE-SYLLABLE verbs (e.g.variant of the PA’AL binyan, arising because they have a two-consonantroot. But they are sufficiently distinct to warrant separate treatment.47
Level OneNote: The traditional name for such verbs with a two-consonant root is(Ayin-Vav) verbs, meaning that in place of the usual middle letter (the socalledAyin letter) of the root these verbs sometimes feature a vav." Past For clarity, we have marked stress by on the first syllable: in one-syllableverbs, stress never falls on the past or future tense suffixes.Presentmasc.fem.Pl. Sing. Stress here is peculiar: although the suffixes look just like adjectivesuffixes, colloquial usage stresses the fem. sing. as instead of .The result is that ‘she got up’ and ‘she gets up’ are both .Future48
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Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
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Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
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ContentsPrefaceGlossaryHebrew gramm
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20 The present tense 35(a) Form of
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Contents ‘grow’ 10458 PA’AL
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Contents91-6 Adverbials91 Adverbs o
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PrefaceThus the exercises in this b
Page 17 and 18: GlossaryxviAction nouns indicate an
Page 19: GlossaryPrefixes are bits prefixed
Page 22: Level One
Page 25 and 26: Level OneFem. sing. Our Sara is t
Page 27 and 28: Level OneThe feminine plural pronou
Page 29 and 30: Level OneThere are some exceptions:
Page 31 and 32: Level OneWhen the vowel a becomes t
Page 33 and 34: Level One ~ evening ~ part ~ r
Page 35 and 36: Level OneExample: ‘good’Fem. s
Page 37 and 38: Level OneFurther examples: right
Page 39 and 40: Level OneA few quantity words follo
Page 41 and 42: Level One an empty tank an empty
Page 43 and 44: Level OneMasc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc.
Page 45 and 46: Level OneMasculine numerals 1-10 '
Page 47 and 48: Level One1 For ‘21, 31’, etc.
Page 49 and 50: Level Onec Adjectives without their
Page 51 and 52: Level OneThe full list is as follow
Page 53 and 54: Level OneFor words that already hav
Page 55 and 56: Level One19 The past tensea Form of
Page 57 and 58: Level OneAnd using the verb ‘get
Page 59 and 60: Level OneIn practice, confusion bet
Page 61 and 62: Level One take! run! put! get d
Page 63 and 64: Level OneThere is a variety of such
Page 65 and 66: Level One6 For an ADJECTIVE there i
Page 67: Level OneNotes:1 The suffixes consi
Page 71 and 72: Level OneNotes:1 In the past tense,
Page 73 and 74: Level OnePresent The vowel in
Page 75 and 76: Level One30-2 THE PASSIVE BINYANIM:
Page 77 and 78: Level OneNotes:1 Some omit the lett
Page 79 and 80: Level OnePU’AL, like the other pa
Page 81 and 82: Level One Take the meat Take the
Page 83 and 84: Level Onea Preposition + suffix: ,
Page 85 and 86: Level Oned Preposition + suffix:
Page 87 and 88: Level OneAdjustment (b)If the next
Page 89 and 90: Level One37L Ñ ‘there is, there
Page 91 and 92: Level One39 Questionsa Questions of
Page 93 and 94: Level OneBy contrast,rather than a
Page 95 and 96: Level OneIn fact, Hebrew commonly h
Page 97 and 98: Level One48 Adverbial clauses: Ìk
Page 99 and 100: Level OneFor hypothetical ‘like
Page 102 and 103: 50-9 SPECIAL ROOT-TYPES ' rootsMany
Page 104 and 105: 2 In most cases where there is no s
Page 106 and 107: Future , , , , , ,Roots with
Page 108 and 109: * This particular form needs no adj
Page 110 and 111: 4 A peculiar adjustment, more commo
Page 112 and 113: a Usually soft , , directly followi
Page 114 and 115: Most such roots repeat the same two
Page 116 and 117: For example, ‘sit’: ' rootsPa
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Further examples:Maverickverbs
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5 ‘walk up to’, another law u
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has the infinitive infinitive for
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a verbs verbs behave just like oth
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Future , , , , , , ,Infinitive
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59 A minor binyan: the PO’EL and
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Examples:More pluralsof nouns ears
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Many nouns ending in take the end
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e i and a i apply to some twenty
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" action nouns (recall 50) insert
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The noun pattern PA’ALAN (verbs o
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4 : commonly denotes a location
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13 The suffix : simply an object
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law (cf. legislate) garden (cf.
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Where the noun ends in , this may o
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(a)(b)(c) ‘legible’ ( ‘rea
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Similarly, many adjectives of the
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With singular nounsWe first illustr
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1 To describe someone’s or someth
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a The / type (initial )Constructseg
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1 Construct of : : Similarl
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, , , , , , , , ,Definitenum
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80 Ordinals: ‘first, second, thir
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does not mean ‘I was getting up (
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83 The object suffix:Òî³ Òîò
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A third phenomenon, involving many
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d ‘the more that . . ., the more
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(1a)(1b) automatically (in a
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94ó ÒîÔí ,íÖòÖL Ôí ‘to
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98 Where to position ó Ôè and š
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But used by themselves, the negativ
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102 Wishes and requests‘Either .
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This amounts to saying ‘the man t
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a Inverting subject and verb1 Where
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? , This cab, who ordered it?
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Exercises
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Exercises4 The definite article1 Th
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Exercises7e Feminine denoting peopl
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Exercises13c Particles of being1 Ra
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Exercises16d Numerals without their
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Exercises21 The future tense21a For
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Exercises26 Two-syllable and one-sy
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Exercises7 Ariela, ask to hear the
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Exercises31 Binyan HUF’AL1 Using
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Exercises35 Preposition + suffix35a
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Exercises35e Preposition + suffix:
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Exercises43 Adverbs of time and pla
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Exercises4 It is possible that they
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Exercises2 and: ‘he decided’,
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Exercises53 Four-consonant rootsUsi
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Exercises56d ,1 He had to go to a
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Exercisesand the future tense:. . .
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Exercises65 Nouns from adjectivesFo
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Exercises9 On what words are the fo
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Exercises73 The construct as a poss
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Exercises78 Preposition + suffix:Ò
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Exercises87-90 COMPARATIVES87 Compa
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Exercises95í Ö of destination, e.
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Exercises102 Wishes and requests1 I
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Exercises106b Starting with the obj
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about (= concerning) about (= appr
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abybaby carriagebaby girlbaby sitte
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ainwavebreadto breakto break out (w
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in chargecharityChavaChayacheapchec
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court (of law)courtyardcousincowcra
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DovdownstairsDrdrag noundressdresse
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to fall in love withfamilyfantastic
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a fruitfunfurniture() Vocabularyf
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(for) heaven’s sake heavy Hebre
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invalidto inviteironto ironironingI
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(at) leastto leave (= quit)to leave
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to meanmeaningmeanwhilemeatmeatymed
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newsnewspaper(the) nextnext tonicen
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parentspark nounto park intrans.par
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prayer-bookprayer-shawlto preferpre
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ight (opp. of left)to be rightright
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sheetshelfshelterShimonshirtshivaSh
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sourSouthsouthernsparklingto speaks
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to talk totalltank (weapon)tape-rec
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traffic-lighttraytreatmenttreetribe
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weirdwellwell done!Westernwetwhat?w
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Key to exercises
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Key toexercises6 , , , ,
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Key toexercises11? 5 4 3 2 ?
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Key toexercises15 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises1919a ` 11 10 9 8 7
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Key toexercises 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Key toexercises301 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Key toexercises 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises38 2 . 1 4 ?
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Key toexercises48? 2 . , 1
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5151b `,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,51d `1-,-,-,
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Key toexercises56b ` 3 . 2 . ,
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Key toexercises6060a ` 4 3 2
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Key toexercises67 , , , , 1 , , , ,
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Key toexercises73 2 . 1. 4
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Key toexercises82 2 . 1 4 .
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Key toexercises91. , 2 .
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Key toexercises100 3 ? . 2 .
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Key toexercises106106a `. ,
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Index300lamed-alef 58(d)lamed-he 50
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Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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