Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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22 The imperativeTheimperativea Form of the imperativeThe imperative has just three forms. These involve suffixes, in fact thesame suffixes as the 2nd person future tense, but without its prefixes:Example:masc. sing.fem. sing.no suffix get up! (to a male) get up! (to a female)masc. and fem. pl. get up! (to many)Note: The special fem. pl. form is so rare that we have omitted it.Suffixes aside, what the imperative looks like depends on the binyaninvolved (see under the individual binyanim in 26–32 and 50–9). As a ruleof thumb, the imperative resembles either the future or the infinitive.b Use of the imperativeThe imperative (<strong>Hebrew</strong> term: ) is found only in positive requests. Innegative requests, it is replaced by the future tense (see 40(c)). For themost part, it is formal in tone, inhabiting fiction, documents, instructionmanuals, cookbooks, speeches and the like.At the same time, a handful of verbs have an imperative in all-roundeveryday use. These are usually of one syllable. Notable examples: come! move! wait! go! go! leave! leave off! get up!39
Level One take! run! put! get down! sit! give!Note: Most such one-syllable imperatives belong to one-syllable ( " or to verbs that drop their first consonant.) verbs23 The infinitivea Form of the infinitiveThe infinitive cannot be inflected. Whether one is addressing males orfemales, one person or many, it is unchanged.The infinitive’s distinguishing mark is a prefixed , thus ‘to get up’, ‘to rub’. All the rest depends on the type of binyan and root, asset out in section 25.b Use of the infinitiveThe infinitive covers many of the uses of English ‘to . . .’, including ‘it’shard to . . ., I want to . . .’ (see 44, 45). A further important use is in issuinglofty or ‘bossy’ instructions, e.g. to a child, to troops, to groups of people,thus: It’s hard to knowI want to knowEveryone get up! ,Run, children40The fact that the infinitive does not inflect in gender or number almostseems to underline its loftiness and detachment from the addressee, bycomparison with the inflecting future tense and imperative.
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Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
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Modern HebrewAn Essential GrammarTh
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ContentsPrefaceGlossaryHebrew gramm
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20 The present tense 35(a) Form of
Page 11 and 12: Contents ‘grow’ 10458 PA’AL
Page 13 and 14: Contents91-6 Adverbials91 Adverbs o
Page 15 and 16: PrefaceThus the exercises in this b
Page 17 and 18: GlossaryxviAction nouns indicate an
Page 19: GlossaryPrefixes are bits prefixed
Page 22: Level One
Page 25 and 26: Level OneFem. sing. Our Sara is t
Page 27 and 28: Level OneThe feminine plural pronou
Page 29 and 30: Level OneThere are some exceptions:
Page 31 and 32: Level OneWhen the vowel a becomes t
Page 33 and 34: Level One ~ evening ~ part ~ r
Page 35 and 36: Level OneExample: ‘good’Fem. s
Page 37 and 38: Level OneFurther examples: right
Page 39 and 40: Level OneA few quantity words follo
Page 41 and 42: Level One an empty tank an empty
Page 43 and 44: Level OneMasc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc.
Page 45 and 46: Level OneMasculine numerals 1-10 '
Page 47 and 48: Level One1 For ‘21, 31’, etc.
Page 49 and 50: Level Onec Adjectives without their
Page 51 and 52: Level OneThe full list is as follow
Page 53 and 54: Level OneFor words that already hav
Page 55 and 56: Level One19 The past tensea Form of
Page 57 and 58: Level OneAnd using the verb ‘get
Page 59: Level OneIn practice, confusion bet
Page 63 and 64: Level OneThere is a variety of such
Page 65 and 66: Level One6 For an ADJECTIVE there i
Page 67 and 68: Level OneNotes:1 The suffixes consi
Page 69 and 70: Level OneNote: The traditional name
Page 71 and 72: Level OneNotes:1 In the past tense,
Page 73 and 74: Level OnePresent The vowel in
Page 75 and 76: Level One30-2 THE PASSIVE BINYANIM:
Page 77 and 78: Level OneNotes:1 Some omit the lett
Page 79 and 80: Level OnePU’AL, like the other pa
Page 81 and 82: Level One Take the meat Take the
Page 83 and 84: Level Onea Preposition + suffix: ,
Page 85 and 86: Level Oned Preposition + suffix:
Page 87 and 88: Level OneAdjustment (b)If the next
Page 89 and 90: Level One37L Ñ ‘there is, there
Page 91 and 92: Level One39 Questionsa Questions of
Page 93 and 94: Level OneBy contrast,rather than a
Page 95 and 96: Level OneIn fact, Hebrew commonly h
Page 97 and 98: Level One48 Adverbial clauses: Ìk
Page 99 and 100: Level OneFor hypothetical ‘like
Page 102 and 103: 50-9 SPECIAL ROOT-TYPES ' rootsMany
Page 104 and 105: 2 In most cases where there is no s
Page 106 and 107: Future , , , , , ,Roots with
Page 108 and 109: * This particular form needs no adj
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4 A peculiar adjustment, more commo
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a Usually soft , , directly followi
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Most such roots repeat the same two
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For example, ‘sit’: ' rootsPa
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Further examples:Maverickverbs
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5 ‘walk up to’, another law u
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has the infinitive infinitive for
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a verbs verbs behave just like oth
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Future , , , , , , ,Infinitive
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59 A minor binyan: the PO’EL and
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Examples:More pluralsof nouns ears
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Many nouns ending in take the end
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e i and a i apply to some twenty
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" action nouns (recall 50) insert
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The noun pattern PA’ALAN (verbs o
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4 : commonly denotes a location
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13 The suffix : simply an object
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law (cf. legislate) garden (cf.
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Where the noun ends in , this may o
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(a)(b)(c) ‘legible’ ( ‘rea
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Similarly, many adjectives of the
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With singular nounsWe first illustr
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1 To describe someone’s or someth
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a The / type (initial )Constructseg
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1 Construct of : : Similarl
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, , , , , , , , ,Definitenum
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80 Ordinals: ‘first, second, thir
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does not mean ‘I was getting up (
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83 The object suffix:Òî³ Òîò
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A third phenomenon, involving many
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d ‘the more that . . ., the more
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(1a)(1b) automatically (in a
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94ó ÒîÔí ,íÖòÖL Ôí ‘to
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98 Where to position ó Ôè and š
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But used by themselves, the negativ
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102 Wishes and requests‘Either .
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This amounts to saying ‘the man t
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a Inverting subject and verb1 Where
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? , This cab, who ordered it?
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Exercises
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Exercises4 The definite article1 Th
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Exercises7e Feminine denoting peopl
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Exercises13c Particles of being1 Ra
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Exercises16d Numerals without their
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Exercises21 The future tense21a For
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Exercises26 Two-syllable and one-sy
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Exercises7 Ariela, ask to hear the
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Exercises31 Binyan HUF’AL1 Using
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Exercises35 Preposition + suffix35a
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Exercises35e Preposition + suffix:
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Exercises43 Adverbs of time and pla
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Exercises4 It is possible that they
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Exercises2 and: ‘he decided’,
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Exercises53 Four-consonant rootsUsi
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Exercises56d ,1 He had to go to a
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Exercisesand the future tense:. . .
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Exercises65 Nouns from adjectivesFo
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Exercises9 On what words are the fo
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Exercises73 The construct as a poss
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Exercises78 Preposition + suffix:Ò
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Exercises87-90 COMPARATIVES87 Compa
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Exercises95í Ö of destination, e.
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Exercises102 Wishes and requests1 I
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Exercises106b Starting with the obj
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about (= concerning) about (= appr
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abybaby carriagebaby girlbaby sitte
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ainwavebreadto breakto break out (w
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in chargecharityChavaChayacheapchec
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court (of law)courtyardcousincowcra
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DovdownstairsDrdrag noundressdresse
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to fall in love withfamilyfantastic
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a fruitfunfurniture() Vocabularyf
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(for) heaven’s sake heavy Hebre
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invalidto inviteironto ironironingI
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(at) leastto leave (= quit)to leave
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to meanmeaningmeanwhilemeatmeatymed
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newsnewspaper(the) nextnext tonicen
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parentspark nounto park intrans.par
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prayer-bookprayer-shawlto preferpre
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ight (opp. of left)to be rightright
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sheetshelfshelterShimonshirtshivaSh
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sourSouthsouthernsparklingto speaks
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to talk totalltank (weapon)tape-rec
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traffic-lighttraytreatmenttreetribe
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weirdwellwell done!Westernwetwhat?w
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Key to exercises
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Key toexercises6 , , , ,
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Key toexercises11? 5 4 3 2 ?
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Key toexercises15 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises1919a ` 11 10 9 8 7
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Key toexercises 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Key toexercises301 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Key toexercises 3 . 2 . 1
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Key toexercises38 2 . 1 4 ?
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Key toexercises48? 2 . , 1
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5151b `,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,51d `1-,-,-,
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Key toexercises56b ` 3 . 2 . ,
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Key toexercises6060a ` 4 3 2
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Key toexercises67 , , , , 1 , , , ,
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Key toexercises73 2 . 1. 4
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Key toexercises82 2 . 1 4 .
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Key toexercises91. , 2 .
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Key toexercises100 3 ? . 2 .
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Key toexercises106106a `. ,
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Index300lamed-alef 58(d)lamed-he 50
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Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar

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