Safety_Series_025_1968 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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This publication is no longer validPlease see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/3. 2. 2. 2. Partial exposureIn the case of partial exposu re, the first point to be con sideredis the exp osu re o f p a rticu la r organs due, fo r ex a m p le, to r a d io active contam ination. P a rtia l exp osu re being le s s se rio u s thanw h ole-b od y exposu re, an average value o f 15 rem s a y ear is p e r m itted with a m axim um value o f 8 rem s a qu a rter.F or three particular organs, the skin, thyroid and bone, a doseo f 30 rem s a year and 15 rem s a quarter is perm itted.F in a lly fo r e x tre m itie s - hands in p a rticu la r - the ex p osu rem ay be higher becau se o f the proxim ity o f the hands to the sou rce s,so a still higher value equal to 75 rem s a year and 40 rem s a quarteris perm itted.It should be em phasized that the y ea rly values a re the p rim a rylim its. The quarterly lim its fo r any organ can be up to half theyea rly lim it provided that the latter is not exceeded.Gonad exp osu re is included in w h ole-b od y e x p o su re . P a rtia lexposure involving gonad exposure must be regarded as w hole-bodyexposu re.A s fa r as the b o n e -m a rro w is co n ce rn e d , the ex p osu re m ustaffect it all. This is important in the case of a bone-seeking nuclideas it will irradiate the whole b on e-m arrow .3.2.2.3. Planned sp ecial exposureR adiation p rotection standards p rovid e s p e cia l gu idan ce fo rsituations which m ay o c c u r infrequently during n orm a l op era tion swhen it may be n ecessary to allow a few w orkers to receive exposurein e x ce s s o f the recom m en d ed qu a rterly lim it. In such c ir c u m stances, exposure o r intakes o f radioactive m aterial may be allowed,provided the dose com m itm ents do not exceed tw ice the annual doselim it in any sin g le even t and fiv e tim e s th is lim it in a life t im e .It is em phasized that doses o r intakes of this magnitude are onlyju stified when alternative techniques which do not involve such e x posures of w orkers are either unavailable o r im practicable.Planned s p e c ia l ex p osu re should not be allow ed u nder thefollow in g con d ition s:(a) If the addition of the intended dose to the w ork er's accum ulated dose exceed s the amount determ ined by the form ula(b) If the w orker has received in the previous 12 months a singleexposure o r intake o f radioactive m aterial with a dose com m itm entin ex cess of the qu arterly quota70
This publication is no longer validPlease see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/(o) If the w orker has previou sly received an em ergency exposureo r intake o r an accidental exposure in excess o f five tim es the annualdose lim it(d) In the case of women of reproductive capacity.Doses resulting from planned special exposure shall be recordedwith those from usual exposures but any excess over the recom m endedlim its should not constitute a rea son fo r exclu din g a w o rk e r fromhis usual occu p a tion .3. 2. 2. 4. E m erg en cy exposu reEven during em ergen cy w ork, ev ery step w ill be taken to keepexposu re to a m inim um .D oses higher than those indicated in sections 3.2.2.1 and 3.2.2.2are acceptable when perform ing em ergen cy tasks during o r im m ediatelyafter an acciden t; they w ill be in cu rred only after com petentadvice has been obtained and w ill be co n sid e re d ju stified w h ere itis n e cessa ry to bring aid to individuals, to prevent the exposu re ofa large num ber o f person s o r to safeguard an im portant plant. It isnot p o ssib le to in dicate d ose lim its fo r such e x p o su re s, sin ce thea ccep tability o f the dose w ill depend on the im portan ce o f the p u rp o se. In sofar as p o ssib le , w ork ers should be in form ed o f theh azards in volved b e fo re they a ccep t such e x p o su re s.If the dose exceed s tw ice the appropriate annual lim it (section s3.2.2.1 and 3.2.2.2), the situation w ill be exam ined by the com petentm ed ical authorities. The w orker m ay be authorized to continue withroutine work if there is no m ed ical ob jection and bearing in mind hisprevious exposu res, his health, age, special qualifications and socialand econom ic resp on sibilities.3. 2. 2. 5. E m ergency exposure to radioactive m aterialEven during em ergen cy w ork, every step w ill be taken to keepthe intake o f ra d ioactive substances to a m inim um .During em erg en cy exp osu re, it is im p ossib le to fo r e s e e thesca le of contam ination and it would th erefore be illo g ica l to indicatea lim it of intake. Such exposure w ill be con sid ered ju stified whereit is n e ce ssa ry to bring aid to individuals, to prevent the exposu reo f a la rg e num ber o f p e rso n s o r to safegu ard an im portant plant.Intake w ill be evaluated as fa r as p o s s ib le , and if it e x ce e d stw ice the annual lim it the situation w ill be examined by the competentauthorities . The w ork er m ay be authorized to continue with routine71
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