Darfur: Blueprint for Genocide - Archipielago Libertad

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taken away from the v illage to be shot. 35 This mirrors the pattern of attacks against theNuba in 1992. Halima, a 13-year-old girl, Breidjing refugee camp, eastern Chad, July 2004. She had been shot in her left arm in February 2004. Clearly the bones were fragmented and the arm left non-functional. Her twin brother was shot in the head and died. Photo: James M Smith, © Aegis Trust 3.2.2 Use of racist language by the perpetrators The use of racist language during attacks is consistently reported by refugees. This provides evidence that attacks are driven by a racist ideology, and are not just attacks against the support base of the two rebel groups. Aegis was told over and over again by refugees coming ov er the border to Eastern Chad from Darfur: 15 The Janjaweed want to steal from us, kill us and destroy us, because we are black. The US State Department report found that nearly a third of refugees interviewed reported hearing racial epithets whilst under attack. Reference to Africans as slaves is a 35 Adam Jones (2004). A compendium of media coverage and human-rights reportage about gender-selective killings of men and boys in Darfur, Sudan, http://gendercide.org/darfur01.htm, [Accessed 11 October 2004]. Section 3: Systematic Actions Amounting to Genocide racial slur that Northern Sudanese Arabs have used since the 19 th century, and it has been commonly used by the Janjaweed. The examples below illustrate the v iolent hatred in the language used. You blacks, you have spoilt the country! We are here to burn you…We will kill your husbands and sons and we will sleep with you! You will be our wives! Every black woman must be killed, even the children. The blood of the Blacks runs like water, we take their goods and we chase them from our area and our cattle will be in their land. The power of al Bashir belongs to the Arabs and we will kill you until the end, you Blacks, we have killed your God. 36 We are the Arabs, we have the priority, you are the blacks. 37 You are opponents to the regime, we must crush you. As you are black you are like slaves. 38 3.2.3 Rape and violence against women Systematic rape is characteristically used as a tool of genocide – most notably in the past decade during the Bosnian crisis in the early 1990s and during the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda recognised rape as a crime of genocide for the first time in 1998 in the verdict giv en against Jean-Paul Akayesu. 39 In the local justicesystem of gacaca in Rwanda, dev eloped to address crimes of genocide w ithin local communities, rape is specifically defined as a crime of genocide in the highest category – category one, the accused being tried not in the villages but in the conventional courts. 40 36 Amnesty International (2004) Darfur: Rape as a Weapon of War: Sexual Violence and its Consequences, London, Amnesty International, (AFR 54/076/2004) p. 14. The quotation is from a song sung by Hakama (traditional women singers whose function is to praise male fighters) who have accompanied the Janjaweed during attacks on villages. 37 Ibid p. 23. 38 Ibid p .12. 39 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1998), “ Historic Judgement Finds Akayesu Guilty Of Genocide” http://www.ictr.org/ENGLISH/PRESSREL/1998/138.htm [Accessed 16 November 2004]. 40 Victoria Britain (2003). “ Letter from Rwanda”, Global Policy Forum, http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/tribunals/rwanda/2003/0901lett er.htm [Accessed 16 November 2004].
Section 3: Systematic Actions Amounting to Genocide July 2004: Aegisdiscovered these three women sitting in a small village on the border with Chad, far away from the refugee camps. All had been gang-raped at different times, in different places. All had witnessed their husbands being killed. Two of them had seen their children being killed also. Fatima, aged forty-eight on the left, had eight children. None survived the attack on her village by the Janjaweed and Sudanese army. The other two women were six months pregnant as a result of rape. Photo: James M. Smith ©Aegis Trust. In Darfur, w omen and girls have been publicly raped in front of their families and communities. This points to attempts both to subjugate the women and humiliate the whole community. Racist language has often accompanied sexual violence, indicating that these crimes are racially motivated. Amnesty International produced a report on sexual violence in Darfur and documented one case of a pregnant woman being killed because she was bearing the child of an “enemy”. 41 In Darfur, rape is a cultural taboo. Women who have been raped are likely to suffer social stigmatisation and are at risk of rejection by their families and communities, even 41 Amnesty International, Darfur: Rape as a weapon of war: sexual violence and its consequences, http://www.web.amnesty.org/library/index /engafr540762004 [Accessed 16 November 2004]. their husbands, leaving them to a future of uncertainty and neglect. In some cases the Janjaweed have branded women they have raped, so that all who see them know what has happened to them. As the perpetrators come from the same societies, they are fully aware of the implications of their actions for the women. Many women carry injuries resulting from violent rape and many are pregnant as a consequence. Much of the knowledge w e have about sexual violence in Darfur has come from refugees in camps in Chad. How ever, the majority of w omen who have suffered sexual violence have remained in Darfur rather than going into the refugee camps in Chad, possibly because they fear stigmatization from their communities there. 16
Page 1 and 2: Darfur: Blueprint for Genocide Nove
Page 3 and 4: Authors: Dr James M. Smith is Chief
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents 4.3 Chronology of
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10: The Aegis Trust recommends that: Ex
Page 11 and 12: (k) Other inhumane acts of a simila
Page 13 and 14: While the point about not devaluing
Page 15 and 16: SECTION 2 Darfur and the Ideology o
Page 17 and 18: Humanitarian aid was denied. Govern
Page 19 and 20: Africa, and to the mov ement of Ara
Page 21 and 22: ev idently faced exclusionary ideol
Page 23: tension between the tw o communitie
Page 27 and 28: The United Nations Inter-Agency Fac
Page 29 and 30: UK Waiting for the International Co
Page 31 and 32: 4.1.4 Civil war and rebels The rebe
Page 33 and 34: Security of African civ ilians in D
Page 35 and 36: 4.4 British policy Main pointsof Br
Page 37 and 38: SECTION 5 Ending Impunity 80 Justic
Page 39 and 40: cooperation of the GoS.” 88 In ot
Page 41 and 42: CONCLUSION Insecurity for those und
Page 43 and 44: Appendix A Article IX: Disputes bet
Page 45 and 46: Appendix B Appendix B: Definitions
Page 47 and 48: Appendix D Appendix D: October 1987
Page 49 and 50: B - Jebel Mara District Number Name
Page 51 and 52: Zaling District Number Name of Vill
Page 53 and 54: Appendix F Appendix F: Chronologica
Page 55 and 56: Appendix F 65 10/4/2001 Kabkabiya S
Page 57 and 58: Appendix F 147 4/3/2002 Jaddara Kab
Page 59 and 60: Appendix G New Information: UN Inte
Page 61 and 62: US: Seeks to put Sudan on the UN SC
Page 63 and 64: Appendix G billion and ev en has it
Page 65 and 66: Security & Political Dialogue: Augu
Page 67 and 68: Appendix G International Response (
Page 69 and 70: Appendix G United States: Focus on
Page 71 and 72: Appendix I: List of Janjaweed Camps
Page 73 and 74: RAZALLAH JAWAZAT Location: east of
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix K: Orders Issued by the Ar
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix L movement that started in
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix L Would the secular, secta
Page 81 and 82:
Appendix M 7. Stress importance of
Page 83 and 84:
Appendix O: Recommendations followi
Page 85:
Appendix O After oath taking brothe
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