Lenin CW-Vol. 23.pdf - From Marx to Mao

NOTES409130131132confidence of the bourgeoisie and landlords. The Octobrists becamethe ruling party after the February Revolution and did everythingthey could to ward off socialist revolution. Their leader, Guchkov,was War Minister in the First Provisional Government. Followingthe Great October Socialist Revolution, the party became one ofthe main forces in the battle against Soviet power.The party of Peaceful Renovation was a constitutional-monarchistorganisation of the big bourgeoisie and landlords. It took finalshape in 1906 following the dissolution of the First Duma. Itunited the “Left” Octobrists and “Right” Cadets and its chief leaderswere P. A. Heiden, N. N. Lvov, P. P. Ryabushinsky, M. A.Stakhovich, Y. N. and G. N. Trubetskoi, D. N. Shipov. Like theOctobrists, it sought to safeguard and promote the interests of theindustrial and commercial bourgeoisie and of the landlords who rantheir estates along capitalist lines. In the Third Duma the partyjoined with the so-called Party of Democratic Reforms to form theProgressist group. p. 303Cadets—the name derives from the Constitutional-DemocraticParty, the chief party of the Russian liberal-monarchist bourgeoisie.Founded in October 1905, it was composed chiefly of capitalists,Zemstvo leaders, landlords and bourgeois intellectuals. Prominentin the leadership were P. N. Milyukov, S. A. Muromtsev, V. A.Maklakov, A. I. Shingaryov, P. B. Struve and F. I. Rodichev. TheCadets became the party of the imperialist bourgeoisie and in theFirst World War actively supported the tsarist government’spredatory policies and in the February Revolution tried to save themonarchy. The dominant force in the Provisional Government, theyfollowed a counter-revolutionary policy inimical to the people butadvantageous to U.S., British and French imperialism. Implacableenemies of Soviet power, the Cadets had an active part in all thearmed counter-revolutionary actions and foreign interventioncampaigns. Most of their leaders emigrated after the defeat of thecounter-revolutionary forces and continued their anti-Sovietand counter-revolutionary work abroad. p. 303Trudovik—member of the Trudovik group in the State Dumas,formed in April 1906 by petty-bourgeois democrats—peasants andintellectuals of the Narodnik persuasion. The group waveredbetween the Cadets and the revolutionary Social-Democrats, andin the First World War most of its members adopted a socialchauvinistposition.The Trudoviks spoke for the rich peasants, the kulaks, and afterthe February Revolution actively supported the ProvisionalGovernment. One of their representatives, Zarudny, became Ministerof Justice following the July events and directed the police campaignagainst the Bolsheviks. After the October Revolution theTrudoviks sided with the counter-revolutionary forces. p. 303The first Provisional Government, or the Provisional Committeeof the State Duma, was formed on February 27 (March 12), 1917.