The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - NOAA National ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

MetOp is Europe's first polar-orbiting satellite dedicated to operational meteorology. Itrepresents the European contribution to a new cooperative venture with the United Statesproviding data that will be used to monitor climate and improve weather forecasting. TheMetOp-A was launched in October 2006 and became operational in May 2007. One ofthe instruments carried onboard MetOp-A is IASI, the highest resolution infraredsounding interferometer currently in orbit. IASI observes the atmosphere in the infra-red(3.7 - 15.5 µm) on 8461 channels. Also important for the CFSR is the AMSU-a sounder,and the MHS instrument which replaces the AMSU-b instrument. MetOp-A data wasintroduced into the CFSR assimilation in Jan 2009.2.5 CHAMP/COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation dataOne of the innovative aspects of the CFSR is the assimilation of Global PositioningSystem (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) observations. The GPS RO technique utilizes thetransmission from the GPS satellites to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite to activelysound the atmosphere. By detecting the “bending” of the GPS signal as it passes throughthe atmosphere (see eg. Kursinski et al., 1997, Rocken et al., 1997), some properties ofthe thermodynamic state of the atmospheric can be retrieved. The derived soundings haveequal density and good accuracy over land and oceans in both hemispheres. In addition,soundings are provided at high vertical resolution (~100 m), which complements the useof the nadir satellite sounders. The CFSR assimilates GPS RO observations from theCHAMP mission (Wickert et al. 2001) from May 2001 to December 2007. Observationsfrom the US-Taiwan COSMIC mission, launched in April 2006, are assimilated startingin July 2006. COSMIC is a six LEO microsatellite constellation which provides around2,000 daily worldwide atmospheric soundings, uniformly distributed over the globe,which produce a positive impact in the NCEP operational GDAS ((Cucurull and Derber2008, Cucurull 2009).2.6 Observation Quality control- 16 -
The CFSR uses the NCEP operational observation quality control procedures which aresummarized in Table 1. For more specific information on NCEP QC procedures see also:http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/data_processing/prepbufr.doc/document.htm .Performance charts including QC summaries for many all observing systems used in theCFSR can be found on the CFSR website http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/cfsreanl .3. The Atmosphere3.1 The Atmospheric Data AssimilationR1 and R2 were run with modified versions of the mid-1995 operational GDAS system,based on a sigma coordinate spectral prediction model and the 3D VAR SSI (Parrish andDerber, 1992; Derber, Parrish and Lord, 1991). These systems assimilated a fixed set ofconventional observations along with TOVS/ATOVS temperature retrievals (Smith, et. al,1979). Both projects continue as CDAS.3.1.1 Evolution of the NCEP GDASIn anticipation or the eventual replacement of TOVS by the ATOVS instruments in 1998,retrieval assimilation was replaced with the direct assimilation of cloud cleared radiancesin the SSI (Derber and Wu, 1998, McNally, et. al. 2000). Sources of radiance data otherthan ATOVS, such as GOES sounder, AIRS, and AMSR-e, were added to the SSIassimilation as they became available. The operational GDAS underwent another majorupgrade in May 2007 involving both the method of data assimilation and the verticalcoordinate of global prediction model. The sigma coordinate system (Phillips, 1957) ofthe global spectral model, in use since the early 1980’s, was replaced with a hybridsigma-pressure system (Juang, 2005). The SSI was replaced by the GSI (Kleist, et. al,2009), which permits a more general treatments of the background errors such as flowdependence and anisotropic structure functions (Purser et al. 2003a, Purser et al. 2003b).The 2007 operational GSI would form the basis for the CFSR.3.1.2 Use of the SSU in CFSRThe SSU instruments, onboard the majority of TOVS satellites, provide unique 29-yearobservations for studying stratospheric temperatures. The SSU is a step-scanned infrared- 17 -
Page 2 and 3: ABSTRACTThe NCEP Climate Forecast S
Page 4 and 5: 1. IntroductionThe first reanalysis
Page 6 and 7: In this paper we only discuss globa
Page 8 and 9: the reanalysis was halted to addres
Page 10 and 11: online archive of data for reanalys
Page 12 and 13: density MESONET data is included in
Page 14 and 15: The 1B datasets were calibrated usi
Page 20 and 21: The third GSI feature enabled in th
Page 22 and 23: the hydrostatic assumption. Soon af
Page 24 and 25: esolution with 28 sigma layers in t
Page 26 and 27: SW and LW radiations at one-hour in
Page 28 and 29: SST data. The other uses AVHRR and
Page 30 and 31: y Gent and McWilliams (1990; see al
Page 32 and 33: from the Global Temperature-Salinit
Page 34 and 35: through the end of the data set in
Page 36 and 37: The passive microwave weather filte
Page 39 and 40: from the sea ice/ocean back to the
Page 41 and 42: weight is assigned to the gauge ana
Page 43 and 44: Stream 6: 1 Jan 1994 to 31 Mar 1999
Page 45 and 46: in the mid 1990’s, the period whe
Page 47: e due to a change over the oceans (
Page 52 and 53: In Figure 49, we show the temporal
Page 54 and 55: distributed in time and space. Desp
Page 56 and 57: forecast model at a lower resolutio
Page 58 and 59: Appendix A: AcronymsAER Atmospheric
Page 60 and 61: ONPCMDIPIRATAPROFLRQBOQuikSCATR1R2R
Page 62 and 63: TMP2M 2m air temperature 24 / 473TM
Page 64 and 65: Appendix C: The Data AccessTo addre
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 26 shows the global total bi
Page 68 and 69:
Argo Science Team, 2001: The global
Page 70 and 71:
Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D
Page 72 and 73:
ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (O
Page 75 and 76:
Global Forecast System. Manuscript
Page 77 and 78:
and climate models. Atmos. Chem. Ph
Page 79 and 80:
performance Earth system modeling w
Page 81 and 82:
with mesoscale numerical weather pr
Page 83 and 84:
experiments using SSM/I wind speed
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 21: Same as Figure 2, but fo
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 45: The fit of 6-hour foreca
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 1: Diagram illustrating CFSR
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 3: Same as in Figure 2, but
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 15: Radiance instruments on
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 17: Same as in Figure 16, bu
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 19: Global average Tb first
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 21: Same as in Figure 16, bu
Page 111:
Figure 23: Comparisons of the SSU b
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 26: The global total bias fo
Page 116 and 117:
Figure 28: The yearly total of trop
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 30: The vertical structure o
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 32: The global number of tem
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 34: The same as Figure 33, b
Page 124 and 125:
Figure 36: Monthly mean Sea ice ext
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 38: 2-meter volumetric soil
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 40: Schematic of the executi
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 42: Yearly averaged Southern
Page 132 and 133:
Figure 44: Monthly mean hourly surf
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 46: Global mean temperature
Page 136 and 137:
Figure 48: Zonal mean total ozone d
Page 138 and 139:
Figure 50: The subsurface temperatu
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 52: Vertical profiles of the
Page 142 and 143:
Figure 54: Zonal surface velocities
Page 144 and 145:
ProgramPREVENTSACQCACAR_CQCCQCCQCVA
Page 146:
Satellite Starting date Ending Date
show all

The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - NOAA National ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?