The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - NOAA National ...

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ABSTRACTThe NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed over the 31-yearperiod of 1979 to 2009 in January 2010. The CFSR was designed and executed as aglobal, high resolution, coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to providethe best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period. The currentCFSR will be extended as an operational, real time product into the future.The CFSR relative to most, if not all, previous reanalyses include (1) coupling ofatmosphere and ocean during the generation of the 6 hour guess field, (2) an interactivesea-ice model, and (3) assimilation of satellite radiances by the Grid-point StatisticalInterpolation scheme over the entire period. The CFSR global atmosphere resolution is~38 km (T382) with 64 levels extending from the surface to 0.26 hPa. The global oceanis 0.25 o at the equator, extending to a global 0.5 o beyond the tropics, with 40 levels to adepth of 4737m. The global land surface model has 4 soil levels and the global sea icemodel has 3 levels. The CFSR atmospheric model contains observed variations in carbondioxide (CO 2 ) over the 1979-2009 period, together with changes in aerosols and othertrace gases and solar variations. With these variable parameters, the analyzed state willinclude estimates of changes in the Earth system climate due to these factors.All available conventional and satellite observations were included in the CFSR.Satellite observations were used in radiance form and were bias corrected with “spin up”runs at full resolution, taking into account variable CO 2 concentrations. This procedureenabled smooth transitions of the climate record due to evolutionary changes in thesatellite observing system.CFSR atmospheric, oceanic and land surface output products are available at an hourlytime resolution and 0.5 o horizontal resolution. This reanalysis will serve many purposes,including providing the basis for most of NCEP Climate Prediction Center’s operationalclimate products by defining the mean states of the atmosphere, ocean, land surface andsea ice over the next 30-year climate normal (1981-2010) ; provide initial conditions for- 2 -
historical forecasts required to calibrate operational NCEP climate forecasts (from week2 to 9 months); and provide estimates and diagnoses of the earth’s climate state, over thesatellite data period, for community climate research.Preliminary analysis of the CFSR output indicates a product far superior in most respectsto the reanalysis of the mid-1990s. The previous NCEP reanalyses have been one of themost used NCEP products in history; there is every reason to believe the CFSR willsupersede these older products both in scope and quality, because it is higher in time andspace resolution, covers the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land, and was executed in acoupled mode with a more modern data assimilation system and forecast model.- 3 -
Page 4 and 5: 1. IntroductionThe first reanalysis
Page 6 and 7: In this paper we only discuss globa
Page 8 and 9: the reanalysis was halted to addres
Page 10 and 11: online archive of data for reanalys
Page 12 and 13: density MESONET data is included in
Page 14 and 15: The 1B datasets were calibrated usi
Page 16 and 17: MetOp is Europe's first polar-orbit
Page 20 and 21: The third GSI feature enabled in th
Page 22 and 23: the hydrostatic assumption. Soon af
Page 24 and 25: esolution with 28 sigma layers in t
Page 26 and 27: SW and LW radiations at one-hour in
Page 28 and 29: SST data. The other uses AVHRR and
Page 30 and 31: y Gent and McWilliams (1990; see al
Page 32 and 33: from the Global Temperature-Salinit
Page 34 and 35: through the end of the data set in
Page 36 and 37: The passive microwave weather filte
Page 39 and 40: from the sea ice/ocean back to the
Page 41 and 42: weight is assigned to the gauge ana
Page 43 and 44: Stream 6: 1 Jan 1994 to 31 Mar 1999
Page 45 and 46: in the mid 1990’s, the period whe
Page 47: e due to a change over the oceans (
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In Figure 49, we show the temporal
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distributed in time and space. Desp
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forecast model at a lower resolutio
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Appendix A: AcronymsAER Atmospheric
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ONPCMDIPIRATAPROFLRQBOQuikSCATR1R2R
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TMP2M 2m air temperature 24 / 473TM
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Appendix C: The Data AccessTo addre
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Figure 26 shows the global total bi
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Argo Science Team, 2001: The global
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Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D
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ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (O
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Global Forecast System. Manuscript
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and climate models. Atmos. Chem. Ph
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performance Earth system modeling w
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with mesoscale numerical weather pr
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experiments using SSM/I wind speed
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Figure 21: Same as Figure 2, but fo
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Figure 45: The fit of 6-hour foreca
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Figure 1: Diagram illustrating CFSR
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Figure 3: Same as in Figure 2, but
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Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 15: Radiance instruments on
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Figure 17: Same as in Figure 16, bu
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Figure 19: Global average Tb first
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Figure 21: Same as in Figure 16, bu
Page 111:
Figure 23: Comparisons of the SSU b
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Figure 26: The global total bias fo
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Figure 28: The yearly total of trop
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Figure 30: The vertical structure o
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Figure 32: The global number of tem
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Figure 34: The same as Figure 33, b
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Figure 36: Monthly mean Sea ice ext
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Figure 38: 2-meter volumetric soil
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Figure 40: Schematic of the executi
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Figure 42: Yearly averaged Southern
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Figure 44: Monthly mean hourly surf
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Figure 46: Global mean temperature
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Figure 48: Zonal mean total ozone d
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Figure 50: The subsurface temperatu
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Figure 52: Vertical profiles of the
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Figure 54: Zonal surface velocities
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ProgramPREVENTSACQCACAR_CQCCQCCQCVA
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Satellite Starting date Ending Date
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