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accurately depicts snow cover compared to SNODEP, especially along mountain ridges(because of its higher resolution). Therefore, in regions where the IMS and SNODEPanalyses did not agree, the IMS determined whether there was snow or not in the dailyanalysis. More specifically, if the IMS indicated snow cover, the analyzed depth was setto 2.5 cm or the SNODEP value, whichever was greater. And if IMS indicated a regionwas snow free, the analyzed depth was set to zero.The model snow was updated at 0Z by comparing the first guess to the daily analysis.The analyzed physical depth was converted to liquid equivalent depth using a 10:1 ratio.If the first guess depth was greater than twice (or less than half) the analyzed depth, thenthe model depth was set to twice (half) the analyzed value. Otherwise, the model snowwas not modified. In contrast to directly replacing the model snow with the analysis, thismethod results in a smoother evolution of the snow pack and reduces the artificialaddition of water when the land surface model erroneously melts the snow too quickly.Daily analyses were not available for 65 days due to missing IMS or SNODEP data. Onthese days, the model snow was simply cycled. GLDAS/LIS also updates its snow fields(snow liquid equivalent and physical depth) to the values of the snow analysis at 00Z.Figure 38-39 shows the CFSR resulting global 2-meter volumetric soil moistureclimatology for May and November (1980-2008) respectively. It is consistent with ourcurrent knowledge about large-scale soil moisture climatology of wet and dry regions.The contrast between May and November also illustrates the seasonal variationcorresponding to precipitating and drying seasons of various regions, for instance, NorthAmerica, Amazon, and India.8. The ExecutionTo ensure the project would be completed in a 2-year period, the CFSR was produced byrunning 6 simultaneous streams of analyses, covering the following periods:Stream 1: 1 Dec 1978 to 31 Dec 1986Stream 2: 1 Nov 1985 to 31 Dec 1989Stream 5: 1 Jan 1989 to 31 Dec 1994- 42 -
Stream 6: 1 Jan 1994 to 31 Mar 1999Stream 3: 1 Apr 1998 to 31 Mar 2005Stream 4: 1 Apr 2004 to 31 Dec 2009As can be seen, there is a full 1-year overlap between the streams to address spin upissues concerning the deep ocean, the upper stratosphere and the deep soil. Thus theentire CFSR covers 31 years (1979-2009) + 5 overlap yearsFigure 40 shows the CFSR execution of one day of reanalysis, which can be itemized asfollows:• Atmospheric T382L64 (GSI) Analysis is made at 0Z, 6Z, 12Z and 18Z, usingcoupled 9-hour guess forecast;• Ocean and Sea Ice Analysis (GODAS with MOM4) is made at 0Z, 6Z, 12Z and18Z, using same 9-hour coupled guess forecast;• From each of the 4 cycles, a 9-hour coupled guess forecast (GFS at T382L64) ismade with 30-minute coupling to the ocean (MOM4);• Land (GLDAS) Analysis using observed precipitation with Noah Land model ismade only at 0Z;• Coupled 5-day forecast, from every 0Z initial condition, is made with an identical,but reduced horizontal resolution (T126L64) version of the atmosphere, for asanity check.Before the actual production phase of the CFSR, a “lite” version (CFSR-Lite) wascarried out to sweep through the entire data inventory. This was done with theuncoupled atmospheric model of the CFSR at T62L64 resolution. Each year was asingle stream.9. Preliminary Results of the Atmospheric Analysis9.1 Medium Range Forecast SkillAn integral part of the CFSR job suite was a once daily at 0000 GMT 120 hour mediumrange global prediction run at the future CFS resolution of T126L64. The primary- 43 -
Page 2 and 3: ABSTRACTThe NCEP Climate Forecast S
Page 4 and 5: 1. IntroductionThe first reanalysis
Page 6 and 7: In this paper we only discuss globa
Page 8 and 9: the reanalysis was halted to addres
Page 10 and 11: online archive of data for reanalys
Page 12 and 13: density MESONET data is included in
Page 14 and 15: The 1B datasets were calibrated usi
Page 16 and 17: MetOp is Europe's first polar-orbit
Page 20 and 21: The third GSI feature enabled in th
Page 22 and 23: the hydrostatic assumption. Soon af
Page 24 and 25: esolution with 28 sigma layers in t
Page 26 and 27: SW and LW radiations at one-hour in
Page 28 and 29: SST data. The other uses AVHRR and
Page 30 and 31: y Gent and McWilliams (1990; see al
Page 32 and 33: from the Global Temperature-Salinit
Page 34 and 35: through the end of the data set in
Page 36 and 37: The passive microwave weather filte
Page 39 and 40: from the sea ice/ocean back to the
Page 41: weight is assigned to the gauge ana
Page 45 and 46: in the mid 1990’s, the period whe
Page 47: e due to a change over the oceans (
Page 52 and 53: In Figure 49, we show the temporal
Page 54 and 55: distributed in time and space. Desp
Page 56 and 57: forecast model at a lower resolutio
Page 58 and 59: Appendix A: AcronymsAER Atmospheric
Page 60 and 61: ONPCMDIPIRATAPROFLRQBOQuikSCATR1R2R
Page 62 and 63: TMP2M 2m air temperature 24 / 473TM
Page 64 and 65: Appendix C: The Data AccessTo addre
Page 66 and 67: Figure 26 shows the global total bi
Page 68 and 69: Argo Science Team, 2001: The global
Page 70 and 71: Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D
Page 72 and 73: ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (O
Page 75 and 76: Global Forecast System. Manuscript
Page 77 and 78: and climate models. Atmos. Chem. Ph
Page 79 and 80: performance Earth system modeling w
Page 81 and 82: with mesoscale numerical weather pr
Page 83 and 84: experiments using SSM/I wind speed
Page 85 and 86: Figure 21: Same as Figure 2, but fo
Page 87 and 88: Figure 45: The fit of 6-hour foreca
Page 89 and 90: Figure 1: Diagram illustrating CFSR
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3: Same as in Figure 2, but
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 5: Same as in Figure 2, but
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 15: Radiance instruments on
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 17: Same as in Figure 16, bu
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 19: Global average Tb first
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 21: Same as in Figure 16, bu
Page 111:
Figure 23: Comparisons of the SSU b
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 26: The global total bias fo
Page 116 and 117:
Figure 28: The yearly total of trop
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 30: The vertical structure o
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 32: The global number of tem
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 34: The same as Figure 33, b
Page 124 and 125:
Figure 36: Monthly mean Sea ice ext
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 38: 2-meter volumetric soil
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 40: Schematic of the executi
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 42: Yearly averaged Southern
Page 132 and 133:
Figure 44: Monthly mean hourly surf
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 46: Global mean temperature
Page 136 and 137:
Figure 48: Zonal mean total ozone d
Page 138 and 139:
Figure 50: The subsurface temperatu
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 52: Vertical profiles of the
Page 142 and 143:
Figure 54: Zonal surface velocities
Page 144 and 145:
ProgramPREVENTSACQCACAR_CQCCQCCQCVA
Page 146:
Satellite Starting date Ending Date
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