LEGEND OF FIGURESFigure 1: Diagram illustrating CFSR data dump volumes, 1978-2009, in Gb/month.Figure 2: Performance of 500mb RADIOSONDE temperature observations. <strong>The</strong> toppanel shows monthly RMS and mean fits of quality controlled observations tothe first guess (blue) and the analysis (green). <strong>The</strong> fits of all observations,including those rejected by the QC, are shown in red. <strong>The</strong> bottom panel showsthe 00z data counts of all observations (in red) and those which passed QC andwere assimilated in green.Figure 3: Same as Figure 2, but for 500mb RADIOSONDE wind data.Figure 4: Same as Figure 2, but for AIRCRAFT wind data.Figure 5: Same as Figure 2, but for ACARS wind data.Figure 6: Same as Figure 2, but for SYNOP surface pressure data.Figure 7: Same as Figure 2, but for METAR surface pressure data.Figure 8: Same as Figure 2, but for MARINE temperature data.Figure 9: Same as Figure 2, but for MARINE wind data.Figure 10: Same as Figure 2, but for PAOB surface pressure data.Figure 11: Same as Figure 2, but for METEOSAT satellite wind data.Figure 12: Same as Figure 2, but for GMS satellite wind data.Figure 13: Same as Figure 2, but for GOES satellite wind data.Figure 14: Same as Figure 2, but for ERS ocean surface wind data.Figure 15: Radiance instruments included in CFSR and the time period each wereassimilated.Figure 16: Performance of HIRS/2 channel 12, which peaks at ~ 500 hPa. <strong>The</strong> top panelhas the uncorrected rms (o-g) in red, bias corrected (o-g) rms and mean inblue, and bias corrected (o-a) rms and mean in green, where o is obs, a isanalysis and g is guess. Bottom panel as total 0Z counts in red and acceptedcounts in green.Figure 17: Same as Figure 2, but for MSU channel 3, which peaks at ~ 300 hPa.Figure 18: Same as Figure 2, but for SSU channel 1, which peaks at ~ 15 hPa.Figure 19: Global average Tb first guess for MSU channels 1-4, with satellites denoted.Figure 20: Same as Figure 2, but for HIRS/3 channel 5, which peaks at ~ 500 hPa.- 84 -
Figure 21: Same as Figure 2, but for AMSU-a channel 5, which peaks at ~ 500 hPa.Figure 22: Same as in Figure 2, but for AIRS channel 215 (channel 92 in the 281 subset)which peaks ~ 450 hPa.Figure 23: Comparisons of the SSU brightness temperature at channel 1 (left), 2 (middle),and 3 (right) between calculations and measurements for November 2004.Figure 24: On the left is the static, zonal invariant, 500 hPa stream function (1e 6 )background error valid 2007110600. On the right is the flow dependentadjusted background standard deviation.Figure 25: <strong>The</strong> cloud liquid water bias term for AMSUA-<strong>NOAA</strong>15 channel 3 varies withtime during 2007042218 to 2007052218. <strong>The</strong> red curve initialized from zeroand the blue curve is the operational values used as a reference here.Figure 26: <strong>The</strong> global total bias for HIRS3-<strong>NOAA</strong>17 channels 2-14 and AMSUA-<strong>NOAA</strong>15 channel 3, 5, 7, 9 varies with time during 2006110118 to2007013018. <strong>The</strong> blue curve is the experiment values and the red curve is theoperational values used as a reference.Figure 27: TOVS period, 1979-1998, 4xdaily averaged, globally averaged, total biascorrection for MSU channels 1-4 (left) and SSU channels 1-3 (right).Figure 28: <strong>The</strong> yearly total of tropical storm reports stacked by the 8 geographical basinsfrom top to bottom, Western Pacific (W Pac), Southern Indian (S Ind),Southern Pacific (S Pac) , North Atlantic-Caribbean (Atl), Eastern Pacific (EPac), Central Pacific (Cen Pac) , Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.Figure 29: Time series of the percentage of detected tropical storms plotted globally andfor selected Northern Hemisphere basins: the Atlantic-Caribbean (ATL),Western Pacific (W Pac) and Eastern Pacific (E Pac) Oceans.Figure 30: <strong>The</strong> vertical structure of model levels as a meridional cross section at 90E. <strong>The</strong>left panels are for R1 (28 sigma layers) and right panels for CFSR (64 sigmapressurehybrid layers). <strong>The</strong> top panels are plotted as a linear function ofpressure to emphasize resolution in the troposphere and bottom panels areplotted in log(pressure) to emphasize stratosphere.Figure 31: Same as in Figure 30, but as a zonal cross section across Rockies at 40N.Figure 32: <strong>The</strong> global number of temperature observations assimilated per month by the- 85 -
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ABSTRACTThe NCEP Climate Forecast S
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1. IntroductionThe first reanalysis
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In this paper we only discuss globa
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the reanalysis was halted to addres
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online archive of data for reanalys
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density MESONET data is included in
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The 1B datasets were calibrated usi
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MetOp is Europe's first polar-orbit
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The third GSI feature enabled in th
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the hydrostatic assumption. Soon af
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esolution with 28 sigma layers in t
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SW and LW radiations at one-hour in
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SST data. The other uses AVHRR and
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y Gent and McWilliams (1990; see al
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from the Global Temperature-Salinit
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- Page 41 and 42: weight is assigned to the gauge ana
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- Page 47: e due to a change over the oceans (
- Page 52 and 53: In Figure 49, we show the temporal
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- Page 56 and 57: forecast model at a lower resolutio
- Page 58 and 59: Appendix A: AcronymsAER Atmospheric
- Page 60 and 61: ONPCMDIPIRATAPROFLRQBOQuikSCATR1R2R
- Page 62 and 63: TMP2M 2m air temperature 24 / 473TM
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- Page 66 and 67: Figure 26 shows the global total bi
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- Page 75 and 76: Global Forecast System. Manuscript
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- Page 97 and 98: Figure 9: Same as in Figure 2, but
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- Page 105 and 106: Figure 17: Same as in Figure 16, bu
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Figure 46: Global mean temperature
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Figure 48: Zonal mean total ozone d
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Figure 50: The subsurface temperatu
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Figure 52: Vertical profiles of the
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Figure 54: Zonal surface velocities
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ProgramPREVENTSACQCACAR_CQCCQCCQCVA
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Satellite Starting date Ending Date