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Mozambique National Human Development Report 2007the indices of HIV prevalence in the public sector, including inthe health and education services, in agriculture and in thepolice, reach 17% of the qualified technical staff.Mozambique is a signatory to the Declaration of theMillennium Development Goals as well as other internationalpledges, including the undertaking adopted by the SpecialSession of the United Nations General Assembly on HIV andAIDS (UNGASS) and the Abuja Declaration, both of 2001, whichlay down measurable targets and objectives to reverse thespread of the pandemic, and call for the allocation of morerobust resources in response to the disease.These objectives have been fully appropriated nationally, inthe government’s Five Year Programme, made operational byPARPA II (2006-2009).The present report examines both the positive resultsachieved so far, and the prevailing constraints, in the context ofthe overall national response to HIV and AIDS. It presents seriousrecommendations, based on profound analyses of all theinformation available. Among the recommendations presented,the following stand out:• Continued reinforcement of the government’s strongpolitical commitment at the highest level, and of an efficientand systematic leadership, seeking to ensure the integrationof HIV and AIDS into the strategic plans of all sectors,including the private sector and civil society organisations,in a multi-sector perspective, coordinated by the NationalAIDS Council (CNCS);• Continued promotion of voluntary testing and counsellingas the way to ensure the provision of care and support, andthe reduction in stigma and discrimination;• Continued expansion of access to anti-retroviral treatment,under conditions of adequate technical and medical safety,and with the minimum nutritional levels required ofpatients;Prepared by ISRI, INE and SARDC for UNDPExecutive EditorTomás Vieira MárioThematic CoordinatorsDiogo Milagre and Rosa Marlene ManjateAuthors/ContributorsDiogo Milagre, Rosa Marlene Manjate, Felisbela Gaspar,Cristiano Matsinhe, Francisco Saúte, Mac-Arthur Jr., FranciscoSongane, Gertrudes Machatine, Manuel Gaspar, Sandra Manuel,Pedro Duce, Saide Dade, Elisa Mónica and Zuraida Khan.• Implementation of an effective, knowledge-based communicationsstrategy, which is integrated into the socioculturaldiversity of Mozambican communities;• Mitigation of the impact of the epidemic, by ensuringprogrammes to protect and support orphans and otherchildren who are vulnerable, due to the diseases associatedwith AIDS, and expanding the possibilities of preventingparental transmission of HIV;• Promotion of home and community-based care, and ofsocial support systems.To implement these recommendations, it is essential to followstrictly the objectives laid down by PARPA and the MDGs,including strengthening the budgetary provision. In order forthe National AIDS Council to perform to the full its tasks as thebody coordinating the multi-sector strategy for responses, itsauthorities, powers and resources must also be strengthened.Like the previous National Human Development Reportsproduced in Mozambique since 1998, the present documentwas written by a team of eminent consultants and advisors,under a dynamic partnership between the Higher Institute ofInternational Relations (ISRI) and the Southern AfricanResearch and Documentation Centre (SARDC) in Maputo, inclose collaboration with the National Statistics Institute (INE),the body responsible for the country’s official statistics.The institutions involved in preparing this report recognizethe important collaboration and support of the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP) at all levels, in particular theimportant contribution and support of the UNDP ResidentRepresentative in Mozambique, Mr Ndolamb Ngokwey.Comments and suggestions received from other UN agencies,including from outside Mozambique, have also contributed toenriching the final document.Dr. Joao Dias Loureiro, President of the INEDr Patrício José, Reitor do ISRIDr. Arlindo Lopes, Vice Chairperson of SARDC BoardWorking groupTomás Vieira Mário, Bayano Valy, Ricardo Mtumbuida, SaideDade, Ngila Mwase, Domingos Mazivila.Consultative groupJoão Loureiro, ChairpersonAnna Soumaré Coulibaly, Arlindo Lopes, Avertino Barreto,Carlos Machili, Diogo Milagre, Domingos Mazivila, ElsBergmans, Jamisse Taimo, Joana Mangueira, Maria AngelicaSalomão, Ngila Mwase, Pamela Mhlanga, Paulo Cuinica,Phyllis Johnson, Ricardo Mtumbuida, Rosa Marlene Manjate,Stella Pinto, Tomás Vieira Mário, Bayano Valy.iv
Forewordby the UN Resident CoordinatorKeeping open the window of hopeNational Human Development Reports are a majorpillar of UNDP’s analytical and policy work. The principalobjective is to raise public awareness and triggeraction on critical human development concerns.The NHDRs also contribute significantly to strengtheningnational statistical and analytical capacity.This is the sixth NHDR produced since 1998. Thetheme of the 2007 edition is the HIV and AIDS pandemic.The report looks carefully at the general statusof HIV and AIDS in Mozambique, its differentfacets and causes, its historical evolution, how it isregarded by society and its potential impact on thepublic and private sectors.The underlying argument is that efforts to acceleratedevelopment in Mozambique, to achieve localdevelopment aspirations as reflected in nationaldevelopment frameworks including the PARPA andAgenda 2025 as well as the MDGs would be underminedunless the state and society at large furtherexpand and strengthen the national, coordinatedresponse to curb the devastating spread of the disease.The report finds that HIV and AIDS are exacerbatingthe problems of poverty, malnutrition, loweducational levels and gender disparities, thusthreatening the attainment of the MDGs as well asslowing growth and development.Through various indices the report assesses thenation’s level of human development, an attempt tomeasure the standard of living and well-being of itspeople – effectively their ability to lead lives that areeconomically productive and personally fulfilling, andthat benefit the community and the nation as a whole.The Government of Mozambique has given priorityto HIV and AIDS in its national agenda, with extensiveevidence of political commitment. HIV and AIDShas also been mainstreamed into the national developmentframework and programmes. The PARPA(the country´s PRSP) identifies the response to theHIV and AIDS pandemic as one of the key areas forreducing poverty.UNDP and other UN agencies, especially UNICEFand UNAIDS, and the UN Theme Group on HIV andAIDS have provided technical assistance to the independentteam of national consultants who drafted thepresent report, under a process lead by a dynamicpartnership of the Higher Institute of InternationalRelations (ISRI), the National Institute of Statistics,and the Southern African Research andDocumentation Centre (SARDC) in Mozambique.UNDP is pleased to have provided its technicalassistance for the implementation of the reportingprocess, and expresses the hope that the report willhelp to further raise public awareness and foster thenational coordinated response to the pandemic, thuskeeping the country’s window of hope open for itspresent and future generations.Ndolamb NgokweyUN Resident CoordinatorUNDP Resident RepresentativeMaputo, September 2007v
Page 3: Preface“Mozambican men and women:
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Page 10 and 11: Mozambique National Human Developme
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Page 51 and 52: The General Threat posed by HIV and
Page 53 and 54: The General Threat posed by HIV and
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Chapter 7National Strategies agains
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National Strategies against the Spr
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Chapter 8Planning for the Future: T
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Planning for the Future: The Window
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Technical NotesTechnical Note 1Calc
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Technical NotesConclusionsIn this w
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Technical Notesmaximum and minimum
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References and BibliographyADEPESE
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Statistical Annex75
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