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Chapter 7 - Demersal Fishwithin the mucus veil for two to three days after hatchingand are pelagic upon release. Adults spend most oftheir time on the sandy bottoms where they partially burytheir body to support their ambush method of predation(Steimle et al. 1999e).Monkfish feed on a variety of benthic organisms, primarilyfishes including Atlantic cod, Atlantic herring, Atlanticmenhaden, black sea bass, butterfish, cunner, eels, flounders,haddock, hake, mackerel, pufferfish, sand lance, sculpins,sea raven, sea robins, skates, silver hake, smelt, spinydogfish, squid, tautog, tomcod, and weakfish. Major predatorsinclude Atlantic cod, monkfish, swordfish, smoothand spiny dogfish, and dusky and sandbar sharks (Steimleet al. 1999e).Ocean PoutThe ocean pout is a bottom-dwelling, temperate speciesfound on the Atlantic Continental Shelf of NorthAmerica between Labrador and the southern GrandBanks and Virginia. It can also occur south of CapeHatteras in deeper, cooler waters. They do not undertakeextensive migrations, but do move seasonally to differenthabitats to remain within their preferred temperaturerange of 2-10 o C (Steimle et al. 1999f).Adult ocean pout are found over a variety of bottom typesincluding shells, rock, algae, sand, mud, and/or gravel.During winter and spring, they feed over sand or sand andgravel substrates and then move to rocky areas in the fallto spawn (Steimle et al. 1999f; Stevenson 2008).Ocean pout are relatively long-lived species with malesreaching maturity at 2-4 years and females maturing at 5-9years of age. Spawning occurs in the late summer throughwinter, peaking between August and October. Spawningoccurs on hard bottom, sheltered areas including artificialreefs and shipwrecks at depths
Chapter 7 - Demersal FishLiterature CitedAble, K. W. 2005. A re-examination of fish estuarine dependence: Evidence for connectivity between estuarine andocean habitats. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 64 (2205): 5-17.Able, K. W., C. B. Grimes, R. A. Cooper, and J. R. Uzmann. 1982. Burrow construction and behavior of tilefish,Lopholatilus chamaeleoticeps, in the Hudson submarine canyon. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 7:199-205ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission). 2009. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission SpeciesProfiles at http://www.asmfc.org. Accessed May 2009Berkeley, S. A., M. A. Hixon, R. J. Larson, and M. S. Love. 2004. Fisheries sustainability via protection of age structureand spatial distribution of fish populations. Fisheries. 29: 23-32.Brodziak, J. K. 2005. Essential fish habitat source document: Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, life history and habitatcharacteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NMFS 196.Bullard S.G., G. Lambert, M.R. Carman, J. Byrnes, R.B. Whitlatch, G. Ruiz, R.J. Miller, L. Harris, P.C. Valentine, J.S.Collie, J. Pederson, D.C. McNaught, A.N. Cohen, R.G. Asch, J. Dijkstra, and K. Heinonen. 2007. The colonial ascidianDidemnum sp. A: Current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast andwest coasts of North America. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 342(1): 99-108.Cargnelli L.M., S.J. Griesbach, D.B. Packer, P.L. Berrien, D.L. Johnson, and W.W. Morse. 1999a. Essential fish habitatsource document: Pollock, Pollachius virens, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum 131.Cargnelli L.M., S.J. Griesbach, D.B. Packer, P.L. Berrien, W.W. Morse, and D.L. Johnson.1999b. Essential fish habitatsource document: Witch flounder, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA TechnicalMemorandum. NMFS NE 139.Cargnelli, L.M., S.J. Griesbach, and W.W. Morse, 1999c. Essential fish habitat source document: Atlantic halibutHippoglossus hippoglossus, life history and habitat characteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NMFS-NE-125.Chang S., W.W. Morse, and P.L Berrien. 1999. Essential fish habitat source document: White hake, Urophycis tenuis, lifehistory and habitat characteristics. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NMFS NE 136.Collette, B. B. and G. K. MacPhee. 2002. Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Edited by Bruce B.Collette and Grace Klein MacPhee. 3 rd ed. Smithsonian Institution Press.748 pp.Collie, J. S., A.D. Wood, and H.P. Jeffries. 2008. Long-term shifts in the species composition of a coastal fishcommunity.7-86Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment • Phase 1 Report
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© Barry Truit, TNC© Donna A. Dewh
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Assessment Core TeamSally YozellJen
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionImportant s
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CHAPTER5Marine Fishes:Introduction
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Diadromous FishAlison BowdenCHAPTER
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Sea TurtleAdam Whelchel and Melissa
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