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Chapter 10 - CetaceansABCDFigure 10-9. Harbor porpoise sightings per unit effort (SPUE) by season.Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment • Phase 1 Report 10-15
Chapter 10 - CetaceansSperm WhaleData indicated that sperm whales were present along theshelf-slope break, primarily between 200-2000 m, in theMid-Atlantic portion of the region, with most sightingsoccurring in the summer months (Figure 10-10a). Otherstudies have indicated similar patterns in sperm whale distribution,reporting that sightings are centered along theContinental Shelf break and over the Continental Slopefrom 100 to 2000 m deep and in submarine canyons andedges of banks (Mitchell 1975b; Waring et al. 2008).Important Marine Areas for Sperm WhaleContinental Shelf edge and canyons throughout theregionStriped DolphinBased on data used in this assessment, striped dolphinswere distributed in low numbers offshore alongthe shelf-slope break throughout the region (Figure10-11a). Current survey effort may not capture the fullpattern of distribution in the region. CeTAP (1982) reportedthat striped dolphins are known to range alongthe Continental Shelf and out to the slope from CapeHatteras to the southern edge of Georges Bank.Important Marine Areas for Striped DolphinContinental Shelf edge, canyons and ContinentalSlope throughout the regionHuman InteractionsCetaceans are vulnerable to pressures caused by directand indirect interactions with humans for many reasons,including their longevity, low fecundity, high position inthe food chain, and highly migratory nature. Threats toNorthwest Atlantic marine mammal populations includebycatch and entanglement in fishing gear; collisions withvessels at sea; depletion of prey resources; disturbancecaused by ship noise, drilling on the sea floor, and otheracoustic inputs to the marine environment; and highlevels of marine contaminants (Reeves et al. 2003). Thefull effects of these interactions throughout the regionare not fully known. However, intensive research on theinteractions between cetacean and humans is taking placein the SBNMS (Clark et al. 2009; Hatch et al. 2008;Hatch et al. 2008; Scheifele and Darre 2005; SBNMS2009; Wiley et al. 2003; Wiley et al. 2008). This is anarea with a particularly strong overlap between humansand cetaceans, and frequent reports of entanglement andvessel strikes (Jensen and Silber 2003; Wiley et al. 2003;SBNMS 2008).All large whale species in the region are known to bevulnerable to vessel strikes, but the frequency and sites ofthose interactions are also poorly understood. Ship strikesaccounted for 53% of the resolved deaths in necropsiedright whales (Campbell-Malone et al. 2008). There islittle evidence that right whales avoid vessels, and whalesmay even become tolerant to vessel noise and ignore it(Nowacek et al. 2004). In the absence of better data,shipping lanes have already been shifted within severalhigh density cetacean habitats, such as the SBNMS andthe Bay of Fundy, to reduce the probability of a strike.It is not yet clear to what degree the higher frequency ofreports of interactions is due to a greater number of possibleobservers. Cetaceans in the North Atlantic are alsothe target of a large commercial whale watching industry.Although the effects of whale watching are not well understood,recent research in the Stellwagen Bank area hasfailed to detect an impact on juvenile survival or calvingrates (Weinrich and Corbelli 2009).Interaction between the fishing industry and cetaceansin United States waters has been documented by federalmonitoring programs. Entanglement is a documentedsource of injury and death for a wide range of cetaceanspecies in the region (Waring et al. 2009). Small toothedwhales, such as Atlantic white-sided and bottlenose dolphins,have been observed as bycatch in a variety of fisheries,including those utilizing sink gillnets, bottom trawls,mid-water trawls, and herring trawls (NMFS 2006b;ATGTRT 2007). Large whales have also been shown tointeract with fishing gear. For example, minke whales areprone to entanglement in fishing gear and collision withvessels due to their predominantly coastal distribution inspring and summer (NMFS 2007b). Incidental capture ofminke whales has been observed in the northeast bottom10-16Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment • Phase 1 Report
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© Barry Truit, TNC© Donna A. Dewh
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Assessment Core TeamSally YozellJen
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionImportant s
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Chapter 1 - Introductionabsorb wave
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Chapter 1 - Introduction1) Gulf of
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionSpecies and
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionSea Turtles
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Chapter 1 - Introduction(NECIA 2007
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Chapter 1 - IntroductionMurawski, S
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Coastal EcosystemsCHAPTER2Barbara V
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Chapter 3 - Benthic HabitatsTechnic
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Chapter 3 - Benthic Habitats© SBNM
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Chapter 3 - Benthic HabitatsLITERAT
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Chapter 3 - Benthic HabitatsLevin,
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Chapter 3 - Benthic HabitatsAPPENDI
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Chapter 3 - Benthic HabitatsDepth (
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Physical OceanographyCHAPTER4Caroly
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CHAPTER5Marine Fishes:Introduction
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Chapter 5 - Marine Fishes: Introduc
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Diadromous FishAlison BowdenCHAPTER
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Chapter 7 - Demersal FishSelection
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Chapter 8 - Small Pelagic FishSelec
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Chapter 8 - Small Pelagic FishABCDF
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Large Pelagic FishCHAPTER9Jennifer
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Humans Within NorthwestAtlantic Eco
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Next StepsCHAPTER14Jay Odell, Mark
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Chapter 14 - Next StepsDeveloping I
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Chapter 14 - Next StepsLiterature C
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