Identifying Best Practice in Women's Football - FIFA/CIES ...

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women’s football has been marked by institutional disapproval and, often, out-right bans.However, in the mid-1990s, and even more so, in the last 10 years, institutions have addedemployees focused entirely on women’s football, included women’s football in officialstrategy documents, and made public statements affirming the legitimacy of women’sfootball.On a global level, FIFA introduced the U-20 Women’s World Cup in 2002 and, in2008, also organised the first U-17 Women’s World Cup in New Zealand. These internationalyouth tournaments aim to give women’s football increased exposure and credibility on theyouth level. 29 Beyond hosting tournaments, the stewards of the global game have requirednational associations to earmark 10% of funding provided by FIFA specifically for women’sfootball, a reflection of the participation statistics published in 2006. 30On a European level, UEFA first began officially sanctioned pan-Europeancompetitions only in 1990, despite evidence the first trans-national competition was held inEurope in 1957. 31 It appears by the UEFA statutes that it has objectives to promote women’sfootball:a) deal with all questions relating to European football;b) promote football in Europe in a spirit of peace, understanding and fair play,without any discrimination on account of politics, gender, religion, race or any otherreason;c) monitor and control the development of every type of football in Europe [...]g) redistribute revenue generated by football in accordance with the principle ofsolidarity and to support reinvestment in favour of all levels and areas of football,especially the grassroots of the game [...]; 32""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""29 FIFA (2010) Tournaments [WWW]. Available from: http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/index.html [Accessed20/06/2010].30 Harvey, Mary. “Development in Women’s Football” 4th FIFA Women's Football Symposium. FIFA.Shanghai China, 28 September 2007.31 Brus, A., E. Trangbaek, ‘Asserting the Right to Play’, 95-99.32 Emphasis added by authors. UEFA Statutes Rules of Procedure of the UEFA Congress Regulations governingthe Implementation of the UEFA Statutes. Nyon, 2010."!$"
Similarly, UEFA has included gender within its Respect campaign, making a markedstatement, as an official organization, it does not condone discrimination against women’sfootball. 33"Governmental organizations have also embraced women’s participation in sports,including football. Since the Helsinki Report on Sport in 1999 and the Nice Declaration onSport in 2000, the European Union officially acknowledges the important role sport plays inmany different aspects of life, e.g. health, education, integration and equality. The EuropeanCommission White Paper on Sport states, “All residents of the European Union should haveaccess to sport [...and that it is] important to promote an inclusive approach to sport.” 34 TheUnited Nations goes one step further and declared sport a right for everyone. “The right toplay and to participate in sports have been embodied in United Nations instruments like theConvention on the Rights of the Child and The Convention on the Elimination ofDiscrimination against Women.” 35 It is clear through public statements and in some casesfinancially, institutions have now come to embrace its growth officially. However some mayquestion if these institutions know what works for the development of women’s football. 36As women’s football becomes a higher priority with greater participation and mediacoverage, national associations and nations as a whole, find added value in having asuccessful women’s national team. This new pressure for success coupled with the belief astrong national league will garner that success has caused many federations to over-haul theirnational leagues. One prime example is the Dutch Football Federation, KNVB, who in 2006,moved to a closed league system, explicitly to improve the national game, and thus thenational team’s success. 37 In the 2009 European Championship, the Netherlands, a countrywithout a strong history in women’s football, advanced to the semi-finals and garnerednational press. Similarly, those within the English FA, forming the new Super League inEngland, have expressed their optimism that the new league will create a better platform for""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""33 UEFA, Respect Campaign Brochure, Nyon, 2010.34 The EU and Sport. Background and Context White Paper on Sport, Comission of European Communities,Brussels, 2007.35 United Nations (2004) What does sport have to do with the UN? [WWW]. Available from:http://www.un.org/themes/sport/intro.htm [Accessed 20/06/2010]36 Discussion on the incorporation of independent women’s football organization into officially sanctioned FAssuch as Scotland. Willliams, The Fastest Growing Sport? 119.37 Priscilla Janssens, Eredivisie Vrouwen, interview by Sarah Schmitter, Phone Interview, 10, May, 2010.!%"
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