Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya ...

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the region and is important in the context of global warming. A number of forest patchesare also recently isolated from each other, causing the local extinction of species, ashabitat patches become too small to support them (see below). Such sites deserveparticular attention.1. Increase the ability of local populations to benefit from and contribute tobiodiversity conservation.Poverty - the fundamental cause of unsustainable practices that degrade theenvironment - is compounded by issues pertaining to tenure of all resources, notjust land. Activities that strive to alleviate poverty need to address culture, localeconomy and the resource base. CEPF aims to enable civil societyorganizations to promote and develop feasible alternative livelihoods. Naturebasedalternatives such as commercial insects, honey and non-timber forestproducts that demonstrate a direct link with the forest resources lead tocommunity protection of the forests. Improving the productivity of existingagriculture land is essential if the pressure on the forests is to be reduced.Alternatives to wood and charcoal as the main household fuels need to beproposed.2. Restore and increase connectivity among fragmented forest patches,especially in Lower Tana River Forests; Taita Hills; East Usambaras/Tanga;and UdzungwasThroughout the region, there is a significant risk of local extinctions as a directresult of the degree of fragmentation of the once contiguous forests in a numberof locations. In all of these geographic areas we need to find creative solutionsto not only arrest the current level of fragmentation, but to increase the currentlevels of connectivity to ensure the long–term survival of these species.Such solutions will involve a concerted effort of all relevant stakeholders’. Ineach of the priority locations, local scientific knowledge should guide subsequentconservation activities in order to ensure that these efforts are targetedappropriately. Those communities most engaged in activities to re-establishconnectivity also need to be assisted in recruiting addition benefits and improvinglivelihoods as a result of their efforts.3. Improve biological knowledge (all 160 sites eligible)Gaps in the current level of knowledge occur on two levels. There are a numberof lesser-known sites that have not been thoroughly surveyed. There are alsoseveral species that whilst we know these to occur, many aspects of their biologyand life cycles remain a mystery. It is essential to know the latter to effectappropriate conservation measures. In all activities under this strategic direction,adding value to already existing institutions in Tanzania and Kenya and providingtraining to nationals of these countries is a priority.4. Establish a small grants program (all 160 sites eligible) that focuses onCritically Endangered species and small-scale efforts to increaseconnectivity of biologically important habitat patchesFor smaller sums of money, it is envisaged that a locally established small grantfund addressing species and site outcomes would yield the most pragmaticreturns. This fund would be accessible to students and community groupsinterested in addressing research and conservation activities within the region.4
5. Develop and support efforts for further fundraising for the regionSecuring long-term funding to support the institutions that are responsible for thecontinued protection of these forests is vital. There are several options alreadyavailable and the practicality of applying these in East Africa will be explored. Aspart of the GEF/UNDP project a trust fund for the Eastern Arc Mountains ofTanzania will be established. There may be opportunities to develop a similarfund for the Coastal Forests. Opportunities under the Kyoto Protocol may alsoprovide a means to support long-term funding.In addition to the identification of the strategic directions outlined above, each strategicdirection has further refined investment guidance provided through investment priorities,which are more specific and concrete. The investment priorities provide more specifictargets for CEPF funding in the region and are used to inform grantmaking decisions.They are included as part of the full investment priority table in the ecosystem profile andon the CEPF Web site (www.cepf.net).The Eastern Arc and Coastal Forests region was approved for grant funding by theCEPF Donor Council in July 2003 with a total allocation of $7 million. CEPF’sinvestment in the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests was one of the mosthighly anticipated sources of funds for biodiversity conservation, a direct result of theconsultative nature of developing the ecosystem profile. As a result, CEPF was beeninundated with applications, even prior to approval of the ecosystem profile by theCouncil. Active grantmaking started in January 2004. The time between Donor Councilapproval and awarding the first grant was spent ensuring implementation began with theimportant first step of developing a Coordination Unit to provide right representation inboth Tanzania and Kenya.To date, CEPF has awarded 23 grants valued at $1.51 million (see Chart 1 included atthe end of the overview). These grants range in size from $7,153 to $700,000 with theaverage grant size being $70,132 (see list of grants). The full status of the portfolio todate and the timeline of grants awarded are illustrated in Charts 3 and 4.Coordinating CEPF Grantmaking on the GroundBuilding on CEPF experiences in other hotspots, CEPF established a locally basedcoordination unit to act as the “eyes and ears” in the region. For the Eastern Arc andCoastal Forest, four organizations that were the lynch pins in developing the ecosystemprofile combined to create the coordination unit. This reinforced the continuity andmomentum from the development of the ecosystem profile into grantmaking. TheCoordination Unit in this region was modeled on the Succulent Karoo coordination body.The goal of the Coordination Unit is to ensure that: “the biodiversity of the Eastern Arcand Coastal Forests is conserved in perpetuity, with no further species extinctions,through a combination of sound conservation science and the active engagement of civilsociety.” Within the coordination unit, each organization is responsible for one of thefour key outputs to be delivered throughout the duration of the CEPF five-yearinvestment as detailed.5
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Eastern Arc Mountainsand Coastal Fo
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CEPF FACT SHEETEastern Arc Mountain
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ECOSYSTEM PROFILEEASTERN ARC MOUNTA
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...............
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BACKGROUNDInternational interest in
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In terms of plant biogeography, the
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Mountains are all taken from Newmar
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The degree of faunal endemism in th
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The largest of the Kenyan forest re
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percent) of the Kenyan coastal fore
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corridor outcomes are being defined
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nine globally threatened species an
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Table 3. Numbers of sites with Crit
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Figure 1 (continued)*Site # Site Na
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Government Institutional Framework
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Nongovernmental OrganizationsEast A
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4. Support the government policy of
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Box 1 National Forest Policy goal a
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(d) Forestry Based Industries and P
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Other coastal mineral resources of
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The major social trend in both coun
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Table 3. Major threats in the Easte
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Commercial Timber ExtractionThere h
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Ranking of Threats in TanzaniaBecau
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• Decision-makers inadequately in
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long-term funding and institutional
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years due to a lack of funding. Oth
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GEF-UNDP or GTZ support, as did the
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During the group and plenary discus
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concentrate on synergistic and dire
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2. Restore and increase connectivit
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compiling lists of species and asse
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CEPF will support efforts to raise
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ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXTACCAW
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REFERENCESAxelrod, D.I. & P.H. Rave
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Kesley, M. G. & T. E. S. Langton. 1
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patterns, diversity and endemism. B
Page 75 and 76: Taphozous hildegardeae + x xBirds 3
Page 77 and 78: Baphia macrocalyx +Baphia pauloi +B
Page 79 and 80: Kotschya platyphylla +Kraussia spec
Page 81 and 82: Sibangea pleioneura +Sorindeia cala
Page 83 and 84: Kaya Jibana KE 1 7 8 8Kaya Rabai KE
Page 85 and 86: Pangani (Hale-Makinjumbe) TZ 1 1 1P
Page 87 and 88: Buxus obtusifolia VU PCroton jatrop
Page 89 and 90: Kraussia speciosa VU PMkilua fragra
Page 91 and 92: Mesogyne insignis VU PMildbraedia c
Page 93 and 94: Synsepalumsubverticillatum VU PTare
Page 95 and 96: Kaya Muhaka KE 4.33 39.53Vitellario
Page 97 and 98: Anthus sokokensis EN BAoranthe pend
Page 99 and 100: Gigasiphon macrosiphon EN PGuibourt
Page 101 and 102: Coffeapseudozanguebariae VU PRhynch
Page 103 and 104: Nguru Mountains TZ 6.09 37.51 32908
Page 105 and 106: (Pande game reserve, DondweFR)Coffe
Page 107 and 108: Tarenna drummondii VU PTessmannia d
Page 109 and 110: Shimoni Forests KE 4.65 39.38Paraxe
Page 111 and 112: magnistipulataMacaranga conglomerat
Page 113 and 114: Canthium siebenlistii VU PCephaloph
Page 115 and 116: longipedunculatumDiospyros amaniens
Page 117 and 118: (Uluguru North FR, UluguruSouth FR,
Page 119 and 120: Scolecomorphus vittatus VU ASuregad
Page 121 and 122: Neohemsleyausambarensis VU POcotea
Page 123 and 124: An Overview of CEPF’s Portfolio i
Page 125: them. Government, local community a
Page 129 and 130: Reviewers look at:• the relevance
Page 131 and 132: Box 1: Udzungwa Mountains National
Page 133 and 134: established in the region and elsew
Page 136: Eastern Arc Mountains Portfolio Pro
Page 139 and 140: CEPF Investment Coordination and Su
Page 141 and 142: Conservation Ecology of the Endange
Page 143 and 144: Stakeholders Identify Priorities fo
Page 145 and 146: Tanzania Seizes 157 Containers of T
Page 147 and 148: CEPF Set for Expansionhttp://www.ce
Page 150 and 151: Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal F
Page 152 and 153: T H E A R C J O U R N A L I S S U E
Page 154 and 155: Kenya Times Newspaperfile://D:\East
Page 156 and 157: La Tanzanie et le Kenya reçoivent
Page 158: The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
Page 161 and 162: The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
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