Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya ...

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2.2 Support initiatives that maintain or restore connectivity in the hotspot. Where theestablishment of biodiversity corridors makes ecological, conservation and practical sense, itshould be supported. Examples of narrow gaps between formerly joined forests are numerous inthis hotspot. Some of the most important opportunities for restoring connectivity are in the TaitaHills, Lower Tana River Forests, Uluguru Mountains, East Usambara Mountains and UdzungwaMountains. In several of these sites, connectivity has a direct bearing on the conservation ofglobally threatened bird species.2.3 Monitor and evaluate initiatives that maintain or restore connectivity in the hotspot.Baseline monitoring, before restoring connectivity, is essential and indicator species should beidentified and monitored so as to track impacts. The choice of indicator species should reflect awide spectrum of mobility (“from a slug to a bird”) and the availability of backgroundknowledge (e.g. on population genetics). Effects on Red List species should be studied in asmuch detail as funds and circumstances allow. Monitoring of altitudinal connectivity will beparticularly interesting in the context of climate change.2.4 Support best practices for restoring connectivity in ways that also benefit people. Lens etal. (2003) have drawn attention to the opportunities for benefiting people while establishingbiodiversity corridors. These include allowing local farmers to harvest old and neglectedplantations, paying them for nurturing regenerating forest and planting indigenous seedlings,improving water catchments and encouraging agroforestry on their farms. The Taita Hills and theEast Usambara Mountains are particularly suitable for such activities.2. Improve knowledge of biodiversity in the hotspotThis profile notes numerous gaps in biological knowledge in the hotspot. Many sites remain littlestudied and some of these sites are relatively large (e.g., the Nguru Mountains, Nguu Mountains,Rubeho Mountains, Boni Forest, Dodori Forest). Even the better-known sites continue to yieldmany new species. There has been an extraordinary amount of speciation amongst theinvertebrates, yet data on the invertebrate biodiversity in the hotspot is meagre. Indigenousknowledge of the flora and fauna is inadequately documented and is fast being lost. Publicawareness of the biodiversity values of this hotspot is very limited, both locally andinternationally. Ultimately, our capacity to conserve depends on the range and depth of ourknowledge. As such, improving knowledge must be a key element in the CEPF strategy for thishotspot.3.1 Refine and implement a standardized monitoring program across sites. For the purposeof site monitoring, standardised, simple and cost-effective protocols must be established andimplemented for selected species that are generalist indicators of habitat health. The number oftaxa monitored should be minimal so as to economise on effort and expense. Suitable protocolsalready exist for a number of taxonomic groups and their systematic application across sites willcreate a data set with greatly added value. Standardised monitoring protocols are required toassess the impacts of conservation projects and to evaluate project success.3.2 Support research in the less studied of the 160 eligible sites in the hotspot. Little knownsites need more biodiversity surveys and other scientific investigations. The focus should be59
compiling lists of species and assessing distribution and abundance, so that the necessary dataare available for assessing the relative biological importance of sites and the degree of threatstatus of species.3.3 Monitor populations of Critically Endangered and Endangered Species in the hotspot.Particular attention must be given to monitoring the 24 Critically Endangered and 68 Endangeredspecies of this hotspot (Table 1, 2, Appendix 3). Their continued existence is the bottom line forCEPF interventions. This calls for a wise use of resources, as the monitoring of rare species cantake much time and effort. Expert training of and support for, local field technicians may be oneway to compensate for the short field visits of professional scientists. Special care will benecessary to ensure that monitoring activities do not expose endangered species to any addedrisks.3.4 Support research in the hotspot to facilitate Red List Assessments and re-assessments forplants, reptiles and other taxa. The deficiencies of the 2002 Red Lists for this hotspot havealready been noted. This is dramatically illustrated by the 973 plant taxa in the List of PotentiallyThreatened Plants (Gereau and Luke 2003) that is included in the Outcomes Database for thehotspot. The situation is scarcely any better for the reptiles, where none of the more than 50endemic reptiles in this hotspot are included in the 2002 Red List. Red List assessments forinvertebrates would probably add thousands more species to the conservation outcomes for thishotspot. Red List assessments must be an investment priority.3.5 Compile and document indigenous knowledge on hotspot sites and species. The values ofindigenous knowledge of biodiversity and the urgent need for its documentation are widelyrecognized. An enormous amount of knowledge on biodiversity and its uses has beenaccumulated among indigenous peoples in the hotspot and has been transferred orally across thegenerations. While much of this has been recorded, the literature is scattered and hard to find. Itneeds to be compiled in both hard copy and database form. In any research in this area, therecognition of Intellectual Property Rights must be a primary consideration and the sources ofinformation must be meticulously recorded.3.6 Support awareness programs that increase public knowledge and appreciation ofbiodiversity values in this hotspot. The usefulness of awareness programs in conservation is oftenquestioned. One problem is that they are often limited in their impacts by short project lifecycles,whereas awareness needs to be continually re-enforced (as shown by commodity marketing).Another is that awareness of biodiversity is seldom linked to any real benefits for the targetcommunities. Innovative approaches are needed that circumvent these difficulties. Ways need tobe found to put a bright and constant spotlight on the ecological services provided by thehotspot’s forests (particularly water catchment and hydropower). Current public awareness of theglobal biodiversity values of the hotspot also needs to be boosted at all levels.4. Establish a Small Grants Program for all the 160 important sites identified for thehotspot, that focuses on critically endangered species and small scale efforts to increaseconnectivity of biologically important habitat patches60
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Eastern Arc Mountainsand Coastal Fo
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CEPF FACT SHEETEastern Arc Mountain
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ECOSYSTEM PROFILEEASTERN ARC MOUNTA
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...............
Page 9 and 10:
BACKGROUNDInternational interest in
Page 11 and 12: In terms of plant biogeography, the
Page 13 and 14: Mountains are all taken from Newmar
Page 15 and 16: The degree of faunal endemism in th
Page 17 and 18: The largest of the Kenyan forest re
Page 19 and 20: percent) of the Kenyan coastal fore
Page 21 and 22: corridor outcomes are being defined
Page 23 and 24: nine globally threatened species an
Page 25 and 26: Table 3. Numbers of sites with Crit
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1 (continued)*Site # Site Na
Page 29 and 30: Government Institutional Framework
Page 31 and 32: Nongovernmental OrganizationsEast A
Page 33 and 34: 4. Support the government policy of
Page 35 and 36: Box 1 National Forest Policy goal a
Page 37 and 38: (d) Forestry Based Industries and P
Page 39 and 40: Other coastal mineral resources of
Page 41 and 42: The major social trend in both coun
Page 43 and 44: Table 3. Major threats in the Easte
Page 45 and 46: Commercial Timber ExtractionThere h
Page 47 and 48: Ranking of Threats in TanzaniaBecau
Page 49 and 50: • Decision-makers inadequately in
Page 51 and 52: long-term funding and institutional
Page 53 and 54: years due to a lack of funding. Oth
Page 55 and 56: GEF-UNDP or GTZ support, as did the
Page 57 and 58: During the group and plenary discus
Page 59 and 60: concentrate on synergistic and dire
Page 61: 2. Restore and increase connectivit
Page 65 and 66: CEPF will support efforts to raise
Page 67 and 68: ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXTACCAW
Page 69 and 70: REFERENCESAxelrod, D.I. & P.H. Rave
Page 71 and 72: Kesley, M. G. & T. E. S. Langton. 1
Page 73 and 74: patterns, diversity and endemism. B
Page 75 and 76: Taphozous hildegardeae + x xBirds 3
Page 77 and 78: Baphia macrocalyx +Baphia pauloi +B
Page 79 and 80: Kotschya platyphylla +Kraussia spec
Page 81 and 82: Sibangea pleioneura +Sorindeia cala
Page 83 and 84: Kaya Jibana KE 1 7 8 8Kaya Rabai KE
Page 85 and 86: Pangani (Hale-Makinjumbe) TZ 1 1 1P
Page 87 and 88: Buxus obtusifolia VU PCroton jatrop
Page 89 and 90: Kraussia speciosa VU PMkilua fragra
Page 91 and 92: Mesogyne insignis VU PMildbraedia c
Page 93 and 94: Synsepalumsubverticillatum VU PTare
Page 95 and 96: Kaya Muhaka KE 4.33 39.53Vitellario
Page 97 and 98: Anthus sokokensis EN BAoranthe pend
Page 99 and 100: Gigasiphon macrosiphon EN PGuibourt
Page 101 and 102: Coffeapseudozanguebariae VU PRhynch
Page 103 and 104: Nguru Mountains TZ 6.09 37.51 32908
Page 105 and 106: (Pande game reserve, DondweFR)Coffe
Page 107 and 108: Tarenna drummondii VU PTessmannia d
Page 109 and 110: Shimoni Forests KE 4.65 39.38Paraxe
Page 111 and 112: magnistipulataMacaranga conglomerat
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Canthium siebenlistii VU PCephaloph
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longipedunculatumDiospyros amaniens
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(Uluguru North FR, UluguruSouth FR,
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Scolecomorphus vittatus VU ASuregad
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Neohemsleyausambarensis VU POcotea
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An Overview of CEPF’s Portfolio i
Page 125 and 126:
them. Government, local community a
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5. Develop and support efforts for
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Reviewers look at:• the relevance
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Box 1: Udzungwa Mountains National
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established in the region and elsew
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Eastern Arc Mountains Portfolio Pro
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CEPF Investment Coordination and Su
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Conservation Ecology of the Endange
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Stakeholders Identify Priorities fo
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Tanzania Seizes 157 Containers of T
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CEPF Set for Expansionhttp://www.ce
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Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal F
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T H E A R C J O U R N A L I S S U E
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Kenya Times Newspaperfile://D:\East
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La Tanzanie et le Kenya reçoivent
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The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
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The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
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