Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya ...

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Prepared by:Conservation InternationalInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyIn collaboration with:Nature KenyaWildlife Conservation Society of TanzaniaWith the technical support of:Centre for Applied Biodiversity Science - Conservation InternationalEast African HerbariumNational Museums of KenyaMissouri Botanical GardenTanzania Forest Conservation GroupZoology Department, University of Dar es SalaamWWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme OfficeWWF United StatesAnd a special team for this ecosystem profile:Neil BurgessTom ButynskiIan GordonQuentin LukePeter SumbiJohn WatkinAssisted by experts and contributors:KENYABarrow EdmundGakahu ChrisGithitho AnthonyKabii TomKabugi HewsonKanga ErustusMatiku PaulMbora DavidMugo RobinsonNdugire NaftaliOdhiambo PeterThompson HazellWandago BenTANZANIABaldus Rolf DBhukoli AliceDoggart NikeHowlett DavidHewawasam InduHamdan Sheha IdrissaHowell KimKajuni A RKilahama FelicianKafumu George RKimbwereza Elly DLejora Inyasi A.V.Lulandala LutherMallya FelixMariki StephenMasayanyika SammyMathias LemaMilledge SimonMlowe EdwardMpemba ErastpMsuya CharlesMungaya EliasMwasumbi LeonardSalehe JohnStodsrod Jan ErikTapper ElizabethOffninga EstherPerkin AndrewVerberkmoes Anne MarieWard JessicaBELGIUMLens LucUKBurgess NeilUSABrooks ThomasGereau RoyLanghammer PennyOcker DonnellSebunya KadduStruhsaker TomWieczkowski JulieEditing assistance by Ian Gordon, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecologyii
CONTENTSINTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................5THE ECOSYSTEM PROFILE............................................................................................................................................5BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................................................................6Geography of the Hotspot.........................................................................................7The Eastern Arc Mountains ......................................................................................8The East African Coastal Forest Mosaic ................................................................10BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE........................................................................................................................................11Biodiversity in the Eastern Arc Mountains ..............................................................11Biodiversity in the Coastal Forests .........................................................................12Levels of Protection ................................................................................................13CONSERVATION OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................................................16Overview of Conservation Outcomes .....................................................................17Species Outcomes..................................................................................................18Site Outcomes ........................................................................................................19SOCIOECONOMIC FEATURES ..................................................................................................................................25Institutional Framework...........................................................................................25Policy and Legislation.............................................................................................29Economic Situation.................................................................................................34Infrastructure and Regional Development ..............................................................36Demography and Social Trends .............................................................................37SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT THREATS.......................................................................................................................38Levels of Threat......................................................................................................39Main Threats...........................................................................................................39Agriculture...............................................................................................................40Commercial Timber Extraction ...............................................................................42Mining .....................................................................................................................43Fires........................................................................................................................43Ranking of Threats in Tanzania..............................................................................44Analysis of Root Causes.........................................................................................45SYNOPSIS OF CURRENT INVESTMENT...............................................................................................................48Levels of Funding ...................................................................................................48Types of Project Interventions ................................................................................49Numbers of IBAs with Project Interventions ...........................................................49Spread of Conservation Attention Across Different IBAs........................................50Funding Allocation Against Biological Priority.........................................................50CEPF NICHE FOR INVESTMENT................................................................................................................................52CEPF INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND PRIORITIES..........................................................................................54Program Focus .......................................................................................................54Strategic Directions.................................................................................................54SUSTAINABILITY ...............................................................................................................................................................62CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................................63ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT....................................................................................................................64REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................................................66APPENDICES.......................................................................................................................................................................71iv
Page 1 and 2: Eastern Arc Mountainsand Coastal Fo
Page 3 and 4: CEPF FACT SHEETEastern Arc Mountain
Page 5: ECOSYSTEM PROFILEEASTERN ARC MOUNTA
Page 9 and 10: BACKGROUNDInternational interest in
Page 11 and 12: In terms of plant biogeography, the
Page 13 and 14: Mountains are all taken from Newmar
Page 15 and 16: The degree of faunal endemism in th
Page 17 and 18: The largest of the Kenyan forest re
Page 19 and 20: percent) of the Kenyan coastal fore
Page 21 and 22: corridor outcomes are being defined
Page 23 and 24: nine globally threatened species an
Page 25 and 26: Table 3. Numbers of sites with Crit
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1 (continued)*Site # Site Na
Page 29 and 30: Government Institutional Framework
Page 31 and 32: Nongovernmental OrganizationsEast A
Page 33 and 34: 4. Support the government policy of
Page 35 and 36: Box 1 National Forest Policy goal a
Page 37 and 38: (d) Forestry Based Industries and P
Page 39 and 40: Other coastal mineral resources of
Page 41 and 42: The major social trend in both coun
Page 43 and 44: Table 3. Major threats in the Easte
Page 45 and 46: Commercial Timber ExtractionThere h
Page 47 and 48: Ranking of Threats in TanzaniaBecau
Page 49 and 50: • Decision-makers inadequately in
Page 51 and 52: long-term funding and institutional
Page 53 and 54: years due to a lack of funding. Oth
Page 55 and 56: GEF-UNDP or GTZ support, as did the
Page 57 and 58:
During the group and plenary discus
Page 59 and 60:
concentrate on synergistic and dire
Page 61 and 62:
2. Restore and increase connectivit
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compiling lists of species and asse
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CEPF will support efforts to raise
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ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXTACCAW
Page 69 and 70:
REFERENCESAxelrod, D.I. & P.H. Rave
Page 71 and 72:
Kesley, M. G. & T. E. S. Langton. 1
Page 73 and 74:
patterns, diversity and endemism. B
Page 75 and 76:
Taphozous hildegardeae + x xBirds 3
Page 77 and 78:
Baphia macrocalyx +Baphia pauloi +B
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Kotschya platyphylla +Kraussia spec
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Sibangea pleioneura +Sorindeia cala
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Kaya Jibana KE 1 7 8 8Kaya Rabai KE
Page 85 and 86:
Pangani (Hale-Makinjumbe) TZ 1 1 1P
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Buxus obtusifolia VU PCroton jatrop
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Kraussia speciosa VU PMkilua fragra
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Mesogyne insignis VU PMildbraedia c
Page 93 and 94:
Synsepalumsubverticillatum VU PTare
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Kaya Muhaka KE 4.33 39.53Vitellario
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Anthus sokokensis EN BAoranthe pend
Page 99 and 100:
Gigasiphon macrosiphon EN PGuibourt
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Coffeapseudozanguebariae VU PRhynch
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Nguru Mountains TZ 6.09 37.51 32908
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(Pande game reserve, DondweFR)Coffe
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Tarenna drummondii VU PTessmannia d
Page 109 and 110:
Shimoni Forests KE 4.65 39.38Paraxe
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magnistipulataMacaranga conglomerat
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Canthium siebenlistii VU PCephaloph
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longipedunculatumDiospyros amaniens
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(Uluguru North FR, UluguruSouth FR,
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Scolecomorphus vittatus VU ASuregad
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Neohemsleyausambarensis VU POcotea
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An Overview of CEPF’s Portfolio i
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them. Government, local community a
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5. Develop and support efforts for
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Reviewers look at:• the relevance
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Box 1: Udzungwa Mountains National
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established in the region and elsew
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Eastern Arc Mountains Portfolio Pro
Page 139 and 140:
CEPF Investment Coordination and Su
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Conservation Ecology of the Endange
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Stakeholders Identify Priorities fo
Page 145 and 146:
Tanzania Seizes 157 Containers of T
Page 147 and 148:
CEPF Set for Expansionhttp://www.ce
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Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal F
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T H E A R C J O U R N A L I S S U E
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Kenya Times Newspaperfile://D:\East
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La Tanzanie et le Kenya reçoivent
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The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
Page 161 and 162:
The Dominion: Tiomin Given Final Ap
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Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya ...

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