Analysis of microarray data - VSN International

4Analysis of Microarray Data in GenStatTable 1: The 20 amino acids used in proteins and the codons that code for each amino acid.Amino acid Code CodonAla A GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG Leu L UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUGArg R CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG Lys K AAA, AAGAsn N AAU, AAC Met M AUGAsp D GAU, GAC Phe F UUU, UUCCys C UGU, UGC Pro P CCU, CCC, CCA, CCGGln Q CAA, CAG Ser S UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU,AGCGlu E GAA, GAG Thr T ACU, ACC, ACA, ACGGly G GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG Trp W UGGHis H CAU, CAC Tyr Y UAU, UACIle I AUU, AUC, AUA Val V GUU, GUC, GUA, GUGStart AUG, GUG Stop UAG, UGA, UAAIn eukaryotes (multi-cellar organisms which have a cell nucleus, as opposed toprokaryotes which are singular celled organisms with no nucleus, such asbacteria), not all of the DNA is copied to the RNA, as some bases in so calledintrons are spliced out of the RNA after it is copied. The sections of DNAwhich code for the protein coding sections in this case is known as exons (seethe diagram below right for details of introns/exons).The central dogma of genetics is displayed in the diagram below. DNA is thebasis of passing on the cellular information from one cell to another. DNA willreplicate itself by each strand creating a new copy. In the nucleus, DNA istranscribed to RNA, which then moves out of the nucleus, where it is translatedto proteins in the ribosomes. The expression of proteins controls the cell’smechanisms.