Quantum Physics

IndexPage numbers followed by “f”indicate figures; page numbersfollowed by “t” indicate tables; pagenumbers followed by “n” indicatefootnotes.AAberrationschromatic, 778–779, 778flens, 777–779, 778fmirror, 777–779spherical, 758, 758f, 778, 778f, 779Absorption, selective, polarization by,805–807, 805f, 806fAbsorption process, stimulated, 921,921fAbsorption spectrum, 905–906, 905fAcceptor atoms, 927fAccommodation, 821age-related reduction in, 822Action potentials, 612, 614fAir cleaner, electrostatic, 544Airplane, wing of, electrified,motional emf and, 669Alkali metals, 918–919Alpha decay, 949–950, 949fAlpha particles, 904Alternating current (AC) circuits,693–707capacitors in, 696–697, 696f, 719inductors in, 697–698, 697f, 698f,719power in, 702–704, 719resistors in, 693–696, 694f, 695ftransformer for, 705–707, 705f,707fAlternating current generators,673–674, 673f, 674f, 683Ampere, 569, 586definition of, 643Ampère, André-Marie, 641, 641fAmpère’s circuital law, 641, 650applied to solenoid, 648long straight wire and, 641–642,642f, 650Analyzer, 805Anderson, Carl, 985–986Anglecritical, 742, 746of deviation, 736polarizing, 807of refraction, 731, 731ffor glass, 733–734Angular magnificationof lens, 825, 826f, 837of telescope, 829, 838Antenna, electromagnetic waveproduction by, 709–710,710fAntineutrino, 951, 952, 966Antiparticle(s), 865, 985–986of electron, 945, 952Antiquarks, properties of, 994tApertures, single-slit and circular,resolution of, 831–836,831f, 832f, 833f, 838Apnea monitors, Faraday’s law and,666, 667fAppliances, consumer, third wire on,611–612, 611fAqueous humor, 820, 821fAstigmatism, 822Atmospheric electric fields, measuring,512Atmospheric refraction, 768–769,768fAtom(s)acceptor, 927donor, 927excited states of, 893, 921–922,921f, 922f, 932hydrogenBohr’s model of, 906–907, 906f,908fde Broglie waves and, 912–913,913fquantum mechanics and,913–915models ofearly, 903–904, 904fRutherford’s planetary, 904, 904fThomson’s, 904, 904fnucleus of, 904Atomic number of nuclei, 940, 965Atomic physics, 903–938atomic spectra in, 904–906, 905fatomic transitions in, 921–922, 921f,922fBohr theory of hydrogen and,906–912characteristic x-rays in, 920–921,920f, 932de Broglie waves and hydrogenatom and, 912–913, 913felectron clouds in, 916–917, 917fenergy bands in solids in, 924–927,925f, 926f, 927fexclusion principle in, 917–919lasers and, 922–924, 923f, 924f, 932periodic table and, 917–919Atomic physics (Continued)quantum mechanics and hydrogenatom and, 913–915spin magnetic quantum numberand, 915–916Atomic spectra, 904–906, 905fAtomic transitions, 921–922, 921f,922fAurora borealis, origin of colors in,906Automobilein lightning storm, 515Average power, in AC circuit, 703,719Axial myopia, 822Axons, 612–614, 613fBBacteria, magnetic, 627–628Bacterial growth projection, 606Balmer, Johann, 905Balmer series, 905, 905ffor hydrogen, 909–910, 909fBand(s)energy, in solids, 924–927, 925f,926f, 927fof energy levels, 925, 925fBand gap, 925, 925fBardeen, John, 929Baryon number, 989–990Baryons, 988, 988t, 1002quark composition of, 994f,985fBattery(ies)automobile, electric potentialdifference in, 537in direct current circuits, 592–601,593f, 594f, 596fBecquerel, 946Becquerel, Henri, 939Bednorz, J. Georg, 579Beta decay, 950–952, 951fBig Bang theory, 999–1000, 999f,1001fBinding energyof deuteron, 943–944of nucleus, 943–944, 944f,965Black hole, 868Blackbody radiation, 875–877, 875f,876f, 895Bohr, Niels, 907fBohr radius, 907–908I.1