Evaluation Sourcebook (.pdf) - School of Natural Resources and ...

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THREATSEcological | Management | Social | Understanding or Attitudes | OrganizationalDISRUPTIVE/DESTRUCTIVE RECREATIONRecreation and tourism in parks and natural areasis a form of resource consumption that ideally haslow ecological impact. In many cases, however,terrestrial and marine ecosystems can be “loved todeath” by the people who visit them, or can bevisited by more people than the area can support.This can adversely affect many aspects ofecosystem health, from the species populationviability to soil function.Forms of destructive or disruptive recreation ortourism include:• Hikers, bikers and/or drivers of off-road vehicles (ORVs) going off designated trails• Visitors using sensitive breeding habitats of animals and plants.• Over-use or inappropriate use of personal watercrafts or snowmobiles, which can lead tonoise, air and water pollution. (Many jet skis have two-stroke engines that candischarge nearly a third of their fuel directly into the water.)Sample evaluation questions and indicatorsX To what extent is destructive recreation occurring in our study area? Is there trailerosion occurring? Are hikers/bikers/ORV drivers remaining on the trail system? Amount of soil compaction on a trail compared to off a trailWidth of trail over time (are the trails becoming wider?)Amount of soil erosion associated with the trail systemAmount of seedling/herbaceous plant re-growth within 5-15 m of trailNumber of new trails formed by hikers/bikers/ORV driversX Are sensitive breeding areas being protected from recreational users? Distance of breeding area from trailAmount of footprints/bike tracks/ORV tracks in sensitive breeding areaNumber of signs informing recreational users of sensitive breeding areas (i.e.,Do not enter oak tree regeneration area, Do not anchor boats near thereeds in the southwest part of the lake – duck breeding area…)Amount of change in the population numbers of the sensitive speciesX Is pollution from recreational users decreasing? Amount of hydrocarbons in the waterAmount of trash found on trailsNumber of hours in the day in which there is no noise from personalwatercraftAmount of air pollutants from snow mobilesEcosystem Management Initiative 130
INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES THREATS ASSETS STRATEGIESX Are the laws governing the amount of usage/pollution in the lake being enforced? Number of park personnel on siteNumber of coast guard boats patrolling the waterwaysNumber of small water craft permits allowed on the waterway in comparisonto the number actually on the waterData sources• Department of Fish and Wildlife• Local, State and federal visitation and recreation records and other research – seehttp://www.recreation.gov/ and http://www.nature.nps.gov/scienceresearch/• Water/Air Quality testing records– city, county, state, EPA, etc.• Local university researchExampleThe National Park Service at Yellowstone National Park partnered with a group ofresearchers to determine the ecological impact of snowmobile use on air quality withinYellowstone. To measure the threat of snowmobile recreation on air quality, theresearchers set up air quality monitoring stations throughout the park and measured theamounts of 85 volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide and methane. They found thatthe most abundant pollutants were ethene, ethyne, tolune, benzene, xylenes,trimethylbenezenes, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane and i-pentane. From these data onpollutants, they were able to fingerprint the source of air pollution within the park – 2-stroke snowmobile engines. NPS used these data as support for their winter recreationmanagement policy which aimed to reduce the threat of destructive recreation by limitingthe number and types (allowing only snowmobiles with best available technologies) ofsnowmobiles into the park.For more information see: http://www.nps.gov/yell/ andhttp://www.nps.gov/yell/technical/planning/winteruse/plan/sive_report.pdfEvaluation Sourcebook 131
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The Ecosystem Management Initiative
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Ecosystem Management Initiativeii
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SOCIAL OBJECTIVES..................
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SUPPORT OF KEY PEOPLE OR ORGANIZATI
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Ecosystem Management Initiative 2
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INTRODUCTIONMULTIPLE MEASURES OF PR
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INTRODUCTIONWHAT MAKES A GOOD INDIC
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INTRODUCTIONHOW TO USE THE SOURCEBO
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INTRODUCTIONHow do I use the Source
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INTRODUCTIONSOURCES OF INFORMATION
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ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape | Hab
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ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape..| Ha
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SOCIALOBJECTIVESEconomy | Community
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Page 88 and 89: SOCIALOBJECTIVESEconomy | Community
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Page 96 and 97: ORGANIZATIONALOBJECTIVESPurpose | P
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Page 184 and 185: STRATEGIESRestore/Manage | Econ./Co
Page 186 and 187: STRATEGIESIntroductionHow well have
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p. 80 Kahn, Jason. Burns Park Schoo
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INDEXAcquisitions, 28, 31, 180Adapt
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