Evaluation Sourcebook (.pdf) - School of Natural Resources and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape..| Habitats | Species | Water, Air & Soil | Key ProcessesARRANGEMENT AND CONNECTIVITY OFCOMMUNITIES IN THE LANDSCAPEArrangement describes how communities orhabitat patches are distributed in the landscape –their shape, how close together they are, what is attheir boundaries. Knowing this gives meaning tothe measure of area. For example, 10 acres of fenmeadow may be distributed as 10 1-acre patchesseparated by 10 miles each or as 2 adjacent 5-acre patches. Closer patches have higherpotential connectivity, allowing organisms to disperse among them and species interactions,such as breeding to occur. Similarly, a patch that is 10 miles long but only 2 miles wide ismostly edge, while a patch that is 4 by 5 miles is the same area but has a larger core. Corearea is usually much higher quality than edge.Measuring shape and proximity of habitats is especially important if you are concernedabout habitat fragmentation or maintaining existing high quality areas, such as protectedlands or riparian buffers.V Sample objectives• Enhance habitat connectivity• Restore the ability of species to move throughout their range• Increase viable habitat of species sensitive to edge effectsSample evaluation questions and indicatorsX Have management practices increased connectivity of communities in the landscape? 3Are patches of the same type and/or different types well linked? Number, area and length of corridors between patchesTotal area vs. number of patchesPatch perimeter to area ratioDistance between patchesLength of habitat adjacent to non-natural habitatContagion index (measure of clumping or aggregation of similar land types)Mean, minimum and/or maximum distance between patchesDifference in species composition (and other measures of habitat quality, p.32) between patches and surrounding matrixPersistence of species sensitive to fragmentation, such as amphibiansPresence of wide-ranging speciesPresence of specific gene stocks among populations, which indicates geneflow – see Genetics (p.38).Observation of different types of species moving between patches or usingcorridors3 For additional more sophisticated measures of connectivity see Calabrese, J. and W. Fagan. 2004. Acomparison-shopper’s guide to connectivity metrics. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 2(10):529-536.Ecosystem Management Initiative 30
INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES THREATS ASSETS STRATEGIESX Are acquisitions improving the shape and therefore viability of an area?Does the shape of areas more closely match natural patterns? Area to perimeter ratioCore area vs. edge areaAbundance of characteristic edge speciesProportion of natural habitats whose shape is: circular or ovoid (generallybest), square or rectangular, irregular or long and thin (generally worst)X Is the quality of the intervening habitat (matrix) increasing?Are created wildlife corridors more effective than the matrix that was already there? Degree of ecological dissimilarity between matrix and patchesObservation of different types of species moving between patches or usingcorridorsData sources• GIS data (see the Federal Geographic Data Committee http://www.fgdc.gov/• Vegetation maps, public land surveys, etc. – see Geography Network data:http://www.geographynetwork.com/data/index.html• Satellite images (see http://landsat.usgs.gov/index.php)• Aerial photographsExampleNatural Lands Trust, a nonprofit land trust in the greater Philadelphia region, has beenacquiring, conserving and protecting land since 1953. In 1997 they realized that openspaces were becoming fewer in number and that they needed to be more efficient with theirland conservation efforts. However, they discovered there was “no clear, scientifically basedcriteria for identifying these lands.” To remedy this, they helped develop SmartConservation – “a dynamic method of identifying, evaluating and prioritizing landscaperesources using a variety of criteria.” One aspect of Smart Conservation is the use of GIS toanalyze whether a potential habitat is worth conserving in terms of how it is arranged in thelandscape. To do this, they measure acreage using a potential habitat size worksheet and theshape of the contiguous habitat using a shape conversion chart.For more information see: http://www.natlands.org; and for detailed information abouthabitat size worksheets and shape conversion charts see:http://www.smartconservation.orgEvaluation Sourcebook 31
Page 2 and 3: The Ecosystem Management Initiative
Page 4 and 5: Ecosystem Management Initiativeii
Page 6 and 7: SOCIAL OBJECTIVES..................
Page 8 and 9: SUPPORT OF KEY PEOPLE OR ORGANIZATI
Page 10 and 11: Ecosystem Management Initiative 2
Page 12 and 13: INTRODUCTIONMULTIPLE MEASURES OF PR
Page 14 and 15: INTRODUCTIONWHAT MAKES A GOOD INDIC
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTIONHOW TO USE THE SOURCEBO
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTIONHow do I use the Source
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTIONSOURCES OF INFORMATION
Page 28 and 29: ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape | Hab
Page 30 and 31: ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESIntroductionSo
Page 32 and 33: ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESIntroductionWha
Page 34 and 35: ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESIntroductionDif
Page 36 and 37: ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape..| Ha
Page 64 and 65: SOCIALOBJECTIVESEconomy | Community
Page 66 and 67: SOCIALOBJECTIVESIntroductionLike th
Page 88 and 89:
SOCIALOBJECTIVESEconomy | Community
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Ecosystem Management Initiative 86
Page 96 and 97:
ORGANIZATIONALOBJECTIVESPurpose | P
Page 98 and 99:
ORGANIZATIONALOBJECTIVESIntroductio
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
THREATSEcological | Management | So
Page 116 and 117:
THREATSIntroductionHOW TO IDENTIFY
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
ASSETSNatural Resources | Social as
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
ASSETSNatural Resources | Social As
Page 170 and 171:
ASSETSNatural Resources | Social As
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
STRATEGIESRestore/Manage | Econ./Co
Page 186 and 187:
STRATEGIESIntroductionHow well have
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
p. 80 Kahn, Jason. Burns Park Schoo
Page 222 and 223:
INDEXAcquisitions, 28, 31, 180Adapt
show all

Evaluation Sourcebook (.pdf) - School of Natural Resources and ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?